A) both require a template.
B) both require nucleoside triphosphates as substrates.
C) both elongate in the 5' to direction.
D) both require a primer.
E) both are required for replication in certain systems.
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A) transcription of DNA to RNA initiates at a region of the DNA called a promoter region.
B) Within a given gene, usually one strand of the DNA is copied and then the other is copied into RNA.
C) When DNA or RNA is copied this means that from the DNA sequence GCAGTTA the copy will read GCAGTTA.
D) During DNA synthesis, the primer is copied into RNA but is later removed by an exonuclease.
E) The 5' end of a DNA molecule always has the phosphate.
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A) changing the reading frame of the mRNA from this point onward.
B) deletion of the rest of the beta-globin gene.
C) no change in the protein as all coding information is 5' to this junction.
D) a transition mutation.
E) a transversion mutation.
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A) Soluble RNA
B) Ribosomal RNA
C) Messenger RNA
D) Single-stranded DNA
E) Double-stranded DNA
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A) ribonucleoside triphosphates.
B) template DNA.
C) magnesium ions.
D) tRNA.
E) DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
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A) A codon near the 5' terminus of mRNA codes for the amino acid appearing at the carboxy end of a protein.
B) The genetic information of a mRNA is present as a non-overlapping, non-punctuated sequence of nucleotide triplets read in the 5' to direction.
C) Each kind of mRNA molecule can be used for protein production only by a certain kind of ribosome of a cell.
D) All of the possible nucleotide triplets of mRNA code for amino acids.
E) A given amino acid is coded for only by a single nucleotide triplet of a given mRNA.
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A) mRNA abundance is one factor that determines cellular protein levels.
B) Only a relatively small number of mRNA species is present at very high abundance.
C) Most of the mRNA complexity of a cell is in the high abundance mRNA class.
D) Cellular mRNA concentrations are regulated by transcriptional controls.
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A) is rapidly degraded by ribonucleases immediately after its involvement in protein synthesis.
B) is synthesized primarily in nucleoli.
C) is found in and 50S subunits of the ribosomes of the cytosol.
D) is coded for by at least two separate genes coding for 17S and 2precursor molecules.
E) has far fewer proteins associated with it than has prokaryotic rRNA.
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A) It catalyzes peptide bond synthesis.
B) It is responsible for proofreading of the amino acid incorporated in response to a given codon.
C) It forms a complex with initiator tRNA and mRNA
D) It contains both A and P sites for tRNA attachment.
E) none is true
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A) it could be hybridized to saturation with ribosomal 18S RNA, and then would not hybridize with ribosomal 28SRNA.
B) it could be hybridized to saturation with ribosomal 28S RNA, and then would not hybridize with ribosomal 18SRNA.
C) it could be hybridized to saturation independently with both 18S and 28S RNA.
D) as in C, but such hybridization would show competition by messenger RNA.
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A) RNA polymerase I is used to synthesize tRNA.
B) RNA polymerase III is used to transcribe mRNA.
C) RNA polymerase II is used to transcribed rRNA.
D) RNA polymerase binds enhancers.
E) Enhancers are transcription elements.
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A) tRNA.
B) U1 SNURP.
C) the mRNA poly(A) tail.
D) an intron, prior to splicing.
E) an intron, subsequent to splicing.
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A) nucleolus.
B) nucleus (excluding the nucleolus) .
C) cytosol.
D) Golgi apparatus.
E) rough endoplasmic reticulum.
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A) require a primer for their activity.
B) have proofreading activity.
C) synthesize polynucleotides in a 5' to 3' direction.
D) have exonuclease activity.
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A) splicing occurs subsequent to protein synthesis.
B) Introns encode general transcription factors.
C) Intron sequences are required for transcription termination.
D) Intron sequences are required for translation termination.
E) Certain intron sequences are absolute requirements for splicing.
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A) Blocks their association with DNA
B) Prevents their translocation to the nucleus
C) Increases their binding affinity for DNA
D) Targets them for degradation
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A) process tRNA precursors.
B) splice mRNA precursors.
C) replicate DNA.
D) initiate RNA synthesis at the proper sites.
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A) always functions as a single polypeptide subunit.
B) is unique to oncogenic RNA viruses.
C) is involved in transcription.
D) synthesizes DNA.
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A) All RNA is synthesized in the nucleolus.
B) 28S and 18S rRNA molecules are synthesized separately.
C) 2'-O-methylribose is selectively eliminated during processing of rRNA.
D) Poly A is added to mRNA during processing.
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A) prevents translocation of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
B) causes spliceosome assembly defects.
C) causes ribosome assembly defects.
D) causes protein transport defects.
E) inhibits RNA polymerase II.
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