Question 1

What is the third-variable problem in reference to correlational studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Third variables act causally on some other variables, but not on all other variables.
B)  Each variable in a correlation exerts a causal influence on the other.
C)  A causal relationship between two variables cannot be inferred from the correlation between two variables.
D)  Correlations can be caused only by another (third)  variable.

Question 2

Which statement about the use of animals in psychological research is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals approves of the use of animals in psychological research.
B)  Most research in psychology involves the use of animals.
C)  Animals in psychological research may be exposed to painful stimuli if there is no other way to conduct the research and there is a strong justification for the research.
D)  The American Psychological Association is against the use of animals in psychological research.

Question 3

What is the major problem associated with self-selection as a way to assign participants to the experimental and control groups?

Accepted Answer

A)  The treatment necessarily will work in the experimental group because those participants are especially motivated.
B)  The two groups probably will differ on many variables besides whether or not they received the treatment.
C)  Self-selection violates the requirement for informed consent.
D)  Self-selection prevents the manipulation of the independent variable and measurement of the dependent variable.

Question 4

An instructor makes it clear to his psychology students that if they do not participate in his research, they will receive a failing grade. What ethical principle has the instructor violated?

Accepted Answer

A)  freedom from coercion
B)  informed consent
C)  debriefing
D)  protection from harm

Question 5

What is the only way to determine a causal relationship between two variables?

Accepted Answer

A)  observation
B)  correlation
C)  measurement
D)  experimentation

Question 6

In a negatively skewed distribution, the peak of the distribution corresponds to which measurement(s) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  mode only
B)  mean only
C)  median only
D)  mode, mean, and median

Question 7

Mike wants to know how many licks it takes to get to the center of his all-day sucker. He tells his friends that "one full gyration of the tongue around the outer surface of the lollipop" is what constitutes a "lick." Unfortunately, he has not developed a reliable, mechanized way to measure licks. Mike's problem deals with:

Accepted Answer

A)  definition.
B)  a third variable.
C)  falsifiability.
D)  detection.

Question 8

The phrase "n = 1" means that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the results are not statistically significant.
B)  there is a perfect correlation between two variables.
C)  there is only one participant in the study.
D)  there is only one independent variable.

Question 9

Jill decides to participate in research studies conducted by professors in the psychology department. Before a study begins, she is given what looks like a contract that describes the study, as well as the risks and benefits of participating. This describes:

Accepted Answer

A)  debriefing.
B)  informed consent.
C)  demand characteristics.
D)  research instructions.

Question 10

People are difficult to study because they often behave differently when they know that they are being observed, a phenomenon known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  unpredictability.
B)  variability.
C)  complexity.
D)  reactivity.

Question 11

A college dean is interested in measuring the research productivity of the seven members of the Psychology department. The dean obtains the number of publications for each faculty member. They are as follows: 5, 10, 15, 15, 20, 25, and 180. If the dean wants to describe these data, which measure of central tendency would paint a misleading picture of the research productivity of the department?

Accepted Answer

A)  mean
B)  median
C)  mode
D)  standard deviation

Question 12

Studies have shown that men and women have the same mean intelligence (IQ)  score, but that men have a larger range and standard deviation of scores. Based on this statement, which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  IQ scores are not normally distributed in men.
B)  Men are more likely to have extremely high scores.
C)  The modal IQ score between genders differs.
D)  Women are more likely to have extremely low scores.

Question 13

Dr. Gomez is investigating a new drug designed to reduce anxiety. Patients with an anxiety disorder are treated with either the drug or a sugar pill (placebo)  for some time, and Dr. Gomez records their anxiety levels at weekly appointments. If a double-blind procedure is used:

Accepted Answer

A)  only Dr. Gomez will know which patients actually received the drug.
B)  the patients will know if they are receiving the drug or the placebo.
C)  Dr. Gomez will not be told the operational definition of anxiety.
D)  Dr. Gomez will not know which patients actually received the drug.

Question 14

In an experiment, researchers exposed half the children to 2 hours of violence on television every day for a month and made sure the other half saw no violence on television at all. At the end of the month, they measured the level of aggressiveness in the children. What is(are)  the dependent variable(s) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  level of aggressiveness at the end of the month
B)  amount of violence watched on television
C)  level of aggressiveness at the end of the month and amount of violence watched on television
D)  the children

Question 15

_____ occurs when participants decide if they wish to be studied in the experimental or control group.

Accepted Answer

A)  Self-selection
B)  Random assignment
C)  Informed consent
D)  Random sampling

Question 16

An experiment in which the true purpose is hidden from the researcher as well as from the participant is called a:

Accepted Answer

A)  blind experiment.
B)  double-blind experiment.
C)  controlled experiment.
D)  correlational study.

Question 17

Which event is part of an internally valid experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  An independent variable has been effectively manipulated.
B)  Participants have been self-selected to the control and experimental groups.
C)  The experiment resembles the real world as closely as possible.
D)  A dependent variable has been effectively manipulated.

Question 18

Jeff must find four sources for a term paper he is writing on corporal punishment (i.e., spanking) . Jeff's family spanked him when he misbehaved as a child, and Jeff believes that it is a useful behavioral modification technique. If Jeff is like most people, he probably will:

Accepted Answer

A)  find four studies suggesting that corporal punishment is effective and relatively harmless.
B)  find four studies suggesting that corporal punishment is dangerous, but then attempt to discredit this research.
C)  review two studies on each side of the debate in a fair and balanced way.
D)  change his mind once reviewing the evidence on both sides of the debate.

Question 19

Which statement about critical thinking is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Humans have a natural tendency to evaluate evidence critically.
B)  Courses designed to increase critical thinking usually are effective.
C)  Decisions based on empirical data necessarily involve critical thinking.
D)  Thought patterns that have been evolutionary adaptive often interfere with the ability to critically evaluate evidence.

Question 20

Informed consent:

Accepted Answer

A)  must be obtained before individuals participate in an experiment.
B)  is strongly recommended but not mandatory for individuals participating in an experiment.
C)  is not necessary unless painful stimuli are involved.
D)  is mandatory only for participants over 18 years of age.

Exam 2: Section 2: Methods in Psychology

Jill decides to participate in research studies conducted by professors in the psychology department. Before a study begins, she is given what looks like a contract that describes the study, as well as the risks and benefits of participating. This describes:

Correct Answer
verified

What is the major problem associated with self-selection as a way to assign participants to the experimental and control groups?

Correct Answer
verified

Which event is part of an internally valid experiment?

Correct Answer
verified

Which statement about critical thinking is true?

Correct Answer
verified

In a negatively skewed distribution, the peak of the distribution corresponds to which measurement(s) ?

Correct Answer
verified

Jeff must find four sources for a term paper he is writing on corporal punishment (i.e., spanking) . Jeff's family spanked him when he misbehaved as a child, and Jeff believes that it is a useful behavioral modification technique. If Jeff is like most people, he probably will:

Correct Answer
verified

Informed consent:

Correct Answer
verified

An experiment in which the true purpose is hidden from the researcher as well as from the participant is called a:

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The phrase "n = 1" means that:

Correct Answer
verified

People are difficult to study because they often behave differently when they know that they are being observed, a phenomenon known as:

Correct Answer
verified

Dr. Gomez is investigating a new drug designed to reduce anxiety. Patients with an anxiety disorder are treated with either the drug or a sugar pill (placebo) for some time, and Dr. Gomez records their anxiety levels at weekly appointments. If a double-blind procedure is used:

Correct Answer
verified

What is the third-variable problem in reference to correlational studies?

Correct Answer
verified

_____ occurs when participants decide if they wish to be studied in the experimental or control group.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

An instructor makes it clear to his psychology students that if they do not participate in his research, they will receive a failing grade. What ethical principle has the instructor violated?

Correct Answer
verified

Studies have shown that men and women have the same mean intelligence (IQ) score, but that men have a larger range and standard deviation of scores. Based on this statement, which statement is true?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which statement about the use of animals in psychological research is true?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the only way to determine a causal relationship between two variables?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 2: Section 2: Methods in Psychology

Jill decides to participate in research studies conducted by professors in the psychology department. Before a study begins, she is given what looks like a contract that describes the study, as well as the risks and benefits of participating. This describes:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the major problem associated with self-selection as a way to assign participants to the experimental and control groups?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which event is part of an internally valid experiment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement about critical thinking is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a negatively skewed distribution, the peak of the distribution corresponds to which measurement(s) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jeff must find four sources for a term paper he is writing on corporal punishment (i.e., spanking) . Jeff's family spanked him when he misbehaved as a child, and Jeff believes that it is a useful behavioral modification technique. If Jeff is like most people, he probably will:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Informed consent:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An experiment in which the true purpose is hidden from the researcher as well as from the participant is called a:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The phrase "n = 1" means that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People are difficult to study because they often behave differently when they know that they are being observed, a phenomenon known as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr. Gomez is investigating a new drug designed to reduce anxiety. Patients with an anxiety disorder are treated with either the drug or a sugar pill (placebo) for some time, and Dr. Gomez records their anxiety levels at weekly appointments. If a double-blind procedure is used:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the third-variable problem in reference to correlational studies?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ occurs when participants decide if they wish to be studied in the experimental or control group.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An instructor makes it clear to his psychology students that if they do not participate in his research, they will receive a failing grade. What ethical principle has the instructor violated?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Studies have shown that men and women have the same mean intelligence (IQ) score, but that men have a larger range and standard deviation of scores. Based on this statement, which statement is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement about the use of animals in psychological research is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the only way to determine a causal relationship between two variables?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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verified

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