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Validity can be assessed by examining all of the following except ________.


A) item validity
B) criterion validity
C) content validity
D) construct validity

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Which statement is true if deciding on the number of scale categories to use in a non-comparative itemized rating scale?


A) If the respondents are interested in the scaling task and are knowledgeable about the objects,a larger number of categories may be employed.
B) If telephone interviews are involved,many categories may confuse the respondents.
C) Space limitations may restrict the number of categories in mail questionnaires.
D) All of the statement above are true.

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The scale descriptors "never," "rarely," "sometimes," "often," and "very often" are commonly used when studying the ________ construct (Table 9.3 in the text) .


A) purchase frequency
B) satisfaction
C) attitude
D) purchase intent

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Construct validity is the simplest and easiest type of validity to establish.

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Profile analysis involves determining the average respondent ratings for each item.

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Itemized rating scales are widely used in marketing research and form the basic components of more complex scales.

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Non-comparative scales are often referred to as monadic scale.

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In a ________,respondents rate the objects by placing a mark at the appropriate position on a line that runs from one extreme of the criterion variable to the other.


A) continuous rating scale
B) Likert scale
C) Stapel scale
D) semantic differential scale

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________ is a form of internal consistency reliability in which the items constituting the scale are divided into two halves and the resulting half scores are correlated.


A) Test-retest reliability
B) Alternative-forms reliability
C) Split-half reliability
D) Internal consistency reliability

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Which of the following is not a problem with alternative-forms reliability?


A) It is time consuming and expensive to construct an equivalent form of the scale.
B) The results will depend on how the scale items are split.
C) It is difficult to construct two equivalent forms of a scale.
D) Both B and C are correct.

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Which statement is not true if deciding on the number of scale categories to use in a non-comparative itemized rating scale?


A) How the data are to be analyzed and used should also influence the number of categories.
B) The smaller the number of scale categories,the finer the discrimination among stimulus objects that is possible.
C) Traditional guidelines suggest that the appropriate number of categories should be seven plus or minus two: between five and nine.
D) If the respondents are not very knowledgeable or not involved with the task,fewer categories should be used.

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The author of your text and his colleagues have developed a scale for measuring Internet users' information privacy concerns.The Awareness (of Privacy Practices) scale uses seven-point scales anchored with "strongly disagree" and "strongly agree." This is an example of a ________.


A) Likert scale
B) semantic differential scale
C) continuous rating scale
D) Stapel scale

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Which statement is not true when deciding on whether to use an odd or even number of categories when developing a non-comparative itemized rating scale?


A) A rating scale with an even number of categories should be used if the researcher wants to force a response.
B) The decision to use an odd or even number of categories depends on whether some of the respondents may be neutral on the response being measured.
C) With an odd number of categories,the middle scale position is generally designated neutral or impartial.
D) All of the above statements are true.

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The ________ is known for its versatility and is very popular with marketing researchers.


A) continuous rating scale
B) semantic differential scale
C) Likert scale
D) Stapel scale

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The Likert scale is also referred to as a summated scale.

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Which statement is not true when deciding on whether to use balanced or unbalanced scales when developing a non-comparative itemized rating scale?


A) If the distribution of responses is likely to be skewed,either positively or negatively,a balanced scale with more categories in the direction of skewness may be appropriate.
B) The scale should be balanced to obtain objective data.
C) If an unbalanced scale is used,the nature and degree of unbalance in the scale should be taken into account in data analysis.
D) In a balanced scale,the number of favorable and unfavorable categories are equal.

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Which itemized rating scale takes longer to complete than other itemized rating scales because respondents have to read each statement?


A) Likert scale
B) continuous rating scale
C) Stapel scale
D) semantic differential scale

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The researcher can bias the scales by either biasing the wording of the statements (Likert type scales),the scale descriptors,or other aspects of the scale.

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A ________ is a measurement scale with five response categories ranging from "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree," which requires the respondents to indicate a degree of agreement or disagreement with each of a series of statements related to the stimulus objects.


A) Stapel scale
B) continuous rating scale
C) semantic differential scale
D) Likert scale

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Of the three itemized rating scales considered,the semantic differential scale is used the least.

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