A) The early church had forbidden women from any public participation in religious work, but by the third century, women were allowed into limited leadership roles in female monasteries.
B) The early church had almost no female members, since Jesus had exclusively recruited men, and their later entrance into the church led church officials to permit women only in minor, marginal roles.
C) Women played an active role in the early church, preaching as missionaries and sometimes martyred for their faith, but restrictions soon were placed on their activities, and they were excluded from holding official positions in Christianity.
D) In the early church, women were permitted minor roles to support the work of men, but by the third century, women had key leadership roles throughout the church hierarchy.
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A) Certain rituals defined by the church in which God bestows benefits on the believer through grace.
B) A theological belief that originated with Arius, a priest of Alexandria, denying that Christ was divine and coeternal with God the Father.
C) Writing system developed in some barbarian groups that helped to give a more accurate picture of barbarian society.
D) Compensatory payment for death or injury set in many barbarian law codes.
E) Bones, articles of clothing, or other objects associated with the life of a saint.
F) Eastern Christian Church in the Byzantine Empire.
G) An administrative unit in the later Roman Empire; adopted by the Christian Church as the territory under the authority of a bishop.
H) The doctrine that all bishops can trace their spiritual ancestry back to Jesus's apostles.
I) A doctrine stating that the popes (the bishops of Rome) were the successors of Saint Peter and therefore heirs to his highest level of authority as chief of the apostles.
J) Men and women who lived in monastic houses and followed sets of rules, first those of Benedict and later those written by other individuals.
K) Priests and bishops who staffed churches where people worshiped and who were not cut off from the world.
L) Diocletian's four-part division of the Roman Empire.
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A) Certain rituals defined by the church in which God bestows benefits on the believer through grace.
B) A theological belief that originated with Arius, a priest of Alexandria, denying that Christ was divine and coeternal with God the Father.
C) Writing system developed in some barbarian groups that helped to give a more accurate picture of barbarian society.
D) Compensatory payment for death or injury set in many barbarian law codes.
E) Bones, articles of clothing, or other objects associated with the life of a saint.
F) Eastern Christian Church in the Byzantine Empire.
G) An administrative unit in the later Roman Empire; adopted by the Christian Church as the territory under the authority of a bishop.
H) The doctrine that all bishops can trace their spiritual ancestry back to Jesus's apostles.
I) A doctrine stating that the popes (the bishops of Rome) were the successors of Saint Peter and therefore heirs to his highest level of authority as chief of the apostles.
J) Men and women who lived in monastic houses and followed sets of rules, first those of Benedict and later those written by other individuals.
K) Priests and bishops who staffed churches where people worshiped and who were not cut off from the world.
L) Diocletian's four-part division of the Roman Empire.
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A) Nomadic steppe people of Central Asia, such as the Huns, were pressuring them from the east.
B) Superior agricultural lands in western Europe attracted the Germanic people as they adopted settled agriculture.
C) The retreat of Roman forces from these areas created a political vacuum that the Germanic people moved to fill.
D) Exceptionally cold decades in the mid-third century forced the Germanic peoples to seek more favorable climates for agriculture.
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A) That the bishop of Rome served as the Holy Father for all Christian communities
B) That the Bible represented the inerrant word of God
C) That Christ is eternally begotten and of the same substance as God the Father
D) That the resurrection of Christ was a symbolic event and not a literal resurrection of his body
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A) It was located on a high mountain bluff only accessible by one well-guarded road.
B) It had excellent fortifications and walls that were kept in good repair.
C) It sat on a peninsula that was protected by the sea on three sides and a well-guarded causeway on the fourth side.
D) The region surrounding it was largely barren, making it difficult for attacking armies to feed and support themselves.
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A) emphasis on spirituality.
B) allegiance to the bishop of Rome.
C) moderation and adaptability.
D) rejection of classical ideals.
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A) He placed Rome under the authority and control of the emperors of the Eastern Roman Empire in Constantinople.
B) He overthrew the last Roman emperor and declared himself the leader of the Roman people, calling on all Romans to embrace Christianity to earn God's favor.
C) He adopted the model of the Roman imperial bureaucracy and applied it to the church in order to strengthen the importance of the Roman papacy to the church.
D) He made agreements with barbarian groups who had cut off Rome's food supply and reorganized church lands to increase production.
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A) an idealized form of knightly chivalry.
B) Celtic hostility to Roman invaders.
C) Celtic hostility to Anglo-Saxon invaders.
D) Christian virtue and values adapted to pagan society.
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A) The Byzantines discovered little that was new in science and mathematics but passed Greco-Roman learning on to the Arab world.
B) The Byzantines' development of literature was hampered by their refusal to embrace the Greek language in defense of their Roman heritage.
C) The Byzantines generally ignored the field of medicine, which they believed interfered with the will of God.
D) The Byzantines failed to develop the field of law, believing that law would limit the powers of the emperor.
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Answer would ideally include: The empero...View Answer
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Answer would ideally include: Students s...View Answer
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A) Certain rituals defined by the church in which God bestows benefits on the believer through grace.
B) A theological belief that originated with Arius, a priest of Alexandria, denying that Christ was divine and coeternal with God the Father.
C) Writing system developed in some barbarian groups that helped to give a more accurate picture of barbarian society.
D) Compensatory payment for death or injury set in many barbarian law codes.
E) Bones, articles of clothing, or other objects associated with the life of a saint.
F) Eastern Christian Church in the Byzantine Empire.
G) An administrative unit in the later Roman Empire; adopted by the Christian Church as the territory under the authority of a bishop.
H) The doctrine that all bishops can trace their spiritual ancestry back to Jesus's apostles.
I) A doctrine stating that the popes (the bishops of Rome) were the successors of Saint Peter and therefore heirs to his highest level of authority as chief of the apostles.
J) Men and women who lived in monastic houses and followed sets of rules, first those of Benedict and later those written by other individuals.
K) Priests and bishops who staffed churches where people worshiped and who were not cut off from the world.
L) Diocletian's four-part division of the Roman Empire.
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A) The Bulgars
B) The Khazars
C) The Franks
D) The Visigoths
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A) Cenobitic monasticism emphasized communal living rather than the isolated tradition of the hermits.
B) Cenobitic monasticism isolated monasteries away from human populations, while the hermits established themselves within major cities where they could perform charitable works.
C) Cenobitic monasticism required frequent devotions throughout the day rather than the weekly devotion required of hermetic monks.
D) Cenobitic monasticism required the practice of severe asceticism and flagellation in place of the simple prayer of the hermits.
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A) The Greeks
B) The Romans
C) The Gauls
D) The Germans
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A) Because they were nomadic people, there was little difference in wealth and social status within the society.
B) Because they were nomadic people, the tribal chieftains and their warrior elite controlled nearly all of the wealth and held privileged status in society.
C) Within the barbarian villages, the poor natural resources resulted in a common poverty with little disparity.
D) Within the barbarian villages, there were great disparities of wealth and status.
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A) supremacy of the secular authority.
B) supremacy of ecclesiastic authority.
C) adoption of the Arian concept of the relationship between church and state.
D) recognition of the church as superior in spiritual matters and the state as superior in secular matters.
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