A) geographic barriers.
B) the hawthorn process.
C) disruptive selection.
D) polyploidy.
E) reinforcement.
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A) Natural selection
B) Reinforcement
C) Interaction between alleles at different loci
D) Chromosomal rearrangements, particularly centric fusions
E) Temporal isolation
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A) Increased dispersal ability
B) A shift from animal to wind pollination
C) Complex sexually selected behaviors
D) A shift from plant-eating to insect-eating
E) None of the above
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A) is the formation of many new species from a common ancestor.
B) is always adaptive.
C) is common on isolated islands.
D) does not occur on large land masses.
E) Both a and c
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A) They are excellent natural laboratories for speciation studies.
B) When they first appear, most hybrid zones contain mostly recombinant individuals.
C) They may result from human activity.
D) Both a and b
E) Both a and c
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A) Wind > Generalist > Specialist
B) Specialist > Generalist > Wind
C) Generalist > Specialist > Wind
D) Specialist > Wind > Generalist
E) Generalist > Wind > Specialist
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A) They occur only on islands.
B) They frequently follow mass extinctions.
C) They begin when populations differentiate genetically in response to environmental differences.
D) Both b and c
E) All of the above
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A) involves reproductive isolation of dispersed populations.
B) is often associated with polyploidy in animals.
C) is common in plants since many plant species can reproduce by self-fertilization.
D) can result from the generation of fertile triploid plants.
E) results only from the generation of allopolyploids.
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Linneaus; ...View Answer
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A) It is usually gradual.
B) It is the process by which one species splits into two daughter species.
C) Reproductive isolation is an important component.
D) All of the above
E) None of the above
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A) Fewer than 100 species of insects inhabit the islands.
B) More than 100 species of amphibians are native to the islands.
C) More than 90 percent of the plant species found in the islands are endemic species.
D) There is only one species of land snail inhabiting the islands.
E) None of the above
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A) Temporal segregation of breeding seasons
B) Differences in chemicals that attract mates
C) Hybrid infertility
D) Spatial segregation of mating sites
E) Sperm that cannot penetrate an egg
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A) The ancestors of the silverswords had more ecological opportunities.
B) There were fewer trees in the areas in which the ancestors of the tarweeds settled.
C) Silverswords had a more behaviorally complex mating system, and thus there were more opportunities for the evolution of prezygotic reproductive isolation.
D) Stabilizing selection prevented the evolution of reproductive isolation in tarweeds.
E) None of the above.
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A) habitat isolation
B) autopolyploidy
C) the Dobzhansky-Muller model
D) gametic isolation
E) Both a and c
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A) Reinforcement strengthens the prezygotic barriers between the two species.
B) Hybrid offspring have the same fitness as nonhybrid offspring.
C) Both species travel long distances over the course of their lives.
D) Individuals from outside the hybrid zone regularly move into the hybrid zone.
E) None of the above
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A) The timing of reproduction is behaviorally mediated.
B) Behavioral differences usually reflect physiological differences.
C) They have difficulty in identifying members of their own species and often mate with members of other species.
D) They make sophisticated discriminations among potential mates.
E) They find mates more quickly and efficiently.
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A) It always takes thousands of years.
B) Reproductive isolation may develop slowly between diverging lineages.
C) Among animals, it usually requires a physical barrier.
D) Among plants, it often happens as a result of polyploidy.
E) It has produced the millions of species living today.
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A) can easily produce new plant species.
B) occurs when a single plant duplicates its chromosomes.
C) occurs when two plants of the same species breed.
D) occurs when a tetraploid plant breeds with a diploid plant of the same species.
E) results in plants that are usually outperformed by diploid relatives.
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