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The amount of information a consumer has stored in her or his memory about particular product classes,product forms,brands,models,and ways to purchase them is known as _____.


A) product knowledge
B) market input
C) product feature
D) social knowledge

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The emphasis on which of the following aspects differentiates the American working class from its middle-class counterparts?


A) Prestige products
B) Reference groups
C) Basic needs
D) Family ties

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The disconfirmation paradigm is used to study two variables,namely,consumer prepurchase expectations and _____.


A) consumer loyalty related to the buying process
B) decision-making roles within the purchase process
C) the relationship between product knowledge and product involvement
D) the difference between expectations and postpurchase perceptions

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D

Robert is in the printing business and needs to buy a ream of printer paper for his old printer in order to meet extensive demand this season.For Robert,the purchase of printer paper requires _____ decision making.


A) selective
B) limited
C) extensive
D) routine

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Which of the following is an example of a marketing influence on consumer behavior?


A) Mani purchased the first pair of denim he saw rather than the Tough Guy pair he wanted since he was pressed for time.
B) Hannah blamed her depression on her purchase of two quarts of Cal's chocolate chip ice cream.
C) Aliya purchased jewelry at Zenia's Boutique because it had publicized a sale of up to 70 percent off on all its products.
D) Jayla purchased $150 worth of aquatic plants because her companion convinced her that the plants would enhance the aesthetics of her aquarium.

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Primary reference groups include:


A) college fraternity members.
B) members of one's professional association.
C) family and close friends.
D) public figures.

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C

Which of the following is a reason for family life cycle to be considered a useful way of classifying and segmenting certain markets?


A) It combines trends in earning power with demands placed on income.
B) It provides the dimension of social class as a significant predictor of patterns.
C) It combines prepurchase expectations with postpurchase satisfaction levels.
D) It predicts situational influences according to every family's needs and wants.

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The occurrence of postdecision anxiety is related to the concept of _____.


A) marketing myopia
B) cognitive dissonance
C) sole sourcing
D) need recognition

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After a long run,Libby feels like buying something cool and refreshing to drink.Libby is currently in which stage of the consumer decision-making process?


A) Alternative evaluation
B) Alternative search
C) Need recognition
D) Purchase decision

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Bob is a software engineer,and he tries to gather information about every gadget released in the market.Whenever a smartphone company unveils its latest smartphone with cutting-edge technology,he immediately purchases it.Which of the following factors most likely influences his decision?


A) Place influence
B) Promotion influence
C) Product involvement
D) Product knowledge

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For high-involvement products that require extensive decision making,marketers should provide consumers with:


A) eye-catching advertisements and in-store displays to encourage them to make a purchase.
B) factual information that highlights the competitive advantage of the products.
C) ready availability of the products in a variety of outlets and at competitive prices.
D) minimum information to encourage a quick purchasing process.

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Which of the following statements is true with regard to the disconfirmation paradigm?


A) It applies only to the need recognition stage of the buying process.
B) It eliminates the role of consumer expectations prior to the purchase.
C) It combines prepurchase expectations and postpurchase satisfaction.
D) It negates the role of cognitive dissonance in the postpurchase phase of the buying process.

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C

Identify the impact of mass communication and mass transit on subcultures that have been growing in the United States.


A) It has led to an increase in crimes against existing cultural groups.
B) It has led to the addition of a significant amount of homogeneity in the population.
C) It has led to a decline in the understanding of religious values and beliefs.
D) It has led to a decrease in the existence of subcultural barriers.

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In the context of psychological influences on consumer decision making,which of the following statements is true of product knowledge?


A) It is comprised of momentary moods or momentary conditions that influence consumer behavior.
B) It is perceived either consciously or subconsciously and has considerable effect on product and brand choice.
C) It influences how quickly a consumer goes through the decision-making process.
D) It influences what consumers think about products and what emotions they experience in purchasing.

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In the context of social influences on consumer decision making,identify a true statement about reference groups.


A) Reference group influence is generally considered to be weaker for products that are "public" or conspicuous.
B) The nature of a product and the role an individual is playing during the purchasing process influence which reference group will be consulted.
C) Reference group influence is generally considered to be constant across product categories.
D) Family is secondary to peers as a reference group for people of all ages.

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Which of the following conditions would lead to an increase in postdecision dissonance?


A) The decision is an important one psychosocially or financially,or both.
B) Reference groups or individuals have made the same purchasing decision.
C) The forgone alternatives do not have many favorable features.
D) The decision is made deliberately and with plenty of feedback from the primary reference group.

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Marilyn is not particularly concerned with fashion although she believes in buying quality merchandise.Her interests lie mostly in theater and art.She frequently travels to Europe to purchase paintings and artwork of renowned artists to add to her extensive private collection.To which of the following social classes does Marilyn most likely belong?


A) The working class
B) Lower Americans
C) The middle class
D) Upper Americans

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On her way home from work,Shelby sees an ice cream stand and immediately feels a craving for some ice cream.She pulls over to buy a hot fudge sundae.Which of the following factors influenced her purchasing decision?


A) Social features
B) Reference groups
C) External stimuli
D) Task features

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Feeling fatigued after a hard day's work,Carter decided to go to a restaurant to order a large drink and a big piece of chocolate pie to feel energized.Which situational influence most likely accounts for Carter's behavior?


A) Task features
B) Social features
C) Current conditions
D) Physical features

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Which of the following statements is an example of social influences on consumer behavior?


A) Eva purchases a mini skirt after reading Seventeen,a magazine for teens,where a fashion editor writes that any teen who wants to be considered "in vogue" must wear short skirts.
B) The manufacturer of a line of aromatherapy candles markets its products through an exclusive chain of health and wellness stores across the country.
C) Ernie decides against buying a new dress for Easter as she is saving up for a designer gown she wishes to purchase later that year for her wedding.
D) Barath purchases a pair of Rough Terrain brand shoes instead of shoes from Unisole because the Unisole shoes aren't within his budget.

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