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Exam 12: Experimental Research

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Question 21

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When some subjects exit the experiment before it is completed and this effects the results of the study, this is an example of a _____.

A) mortality effect
B) history effect
C) instrumentation effect
D) confounding effect

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Question 22

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In an experiment, the treatment is administered to the ______ group.

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Question 23

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An experimental deception that involves a false treatment is called a(n) ________ .

A 3 x 3 experimental design incorporates _____ factors, each having _____ levels.

Discuss what is meant by demand characteristics and why they are a concern for researchers. Discuss four ways of reducing demand characteristics.

If only one variable is manipulated in an experiment, it has a primary experimental design.

The random assignment of subjects and treatments to groups is called _____.

A(n) _____ experimental design allows for testing of the effects of two or more treatments at various levels.

Caroline is participating in an experimental study in which she is taking an herbal supplement and the researcher measures her perceived energy levels for several weeks. Although she doesn't know it, the supplement she is given in the study does not contain any of the herb of interest in the study. However, Caroline feels as though she has more energy than before, and she attributes it to the herbal supplement. This effect due to the psychological impact that goes along with knowledge that a treatment has been administered is called a(n) _____.

An effect due to a specific combination of independent variables is called a(n) _____ effect.

A confound is an experimental deception involving a false treatment.

Field experiments tend to have less external validity than laboratory experiments.

The sampling units in experiments are referred to as ____.

An experiment can have only one experimental variable.

Which experimental design involves manipulating a single independent variable to observe its effect on a single dependent variable?

Demand characteristics, such as subjects' knowledge of the experimental hypotheses, create which type of effect?

One way to reduce demand characteristics is to tell subjects the purpose of the experiment so they will be more willing to participate honestly.

Covariates are categorical variables like a subject's gender or ethnicity.

Which of the following is a threat to the internal validity of an experiment using a repeated measures design?

In which type of experiment does the researcher have more complete control over the research setting and extraneous variables?