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Ramon works at Chicago Medical Instruments.His job was recently redefined so that he now has more flexibility in the hours he works and more say in the procedures used on the job.This suggests that Chicago Medical Instruments is trying to change Ramon's job so that it has more:


A) feedback.
B) autonomy.
C) task identity.
D) task significance.

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Theory ___ managers see employees as having a general dislike for work and an unwillingness to accept responsibility.


A) A
B) X
C) Y
D) Z

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John dropped out of school after the ninth grade and now must support himself though he has few skills.He is a part-time employee at a small retailer earning the minimum wage.John would like to earn more,but hasn't been able to find a better job.He is having a hard time paying his rent and utility bills and has quit eating breakfast to try to save on his food bills.John is having trouble meeting his:


A) esteem needs.
B) self-actualization needs.
C) social needs.
D) physiological needs.

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Herzberg's study showed that pay was the job characteristic that ranked highest as a motivator.

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Douglas McGregor described two very different sets of managerial attitudes about employees,which he called:


A) the positive view and the negative view.
B) the macro perspective and the micro perspective.
C) Theory X and Theory Y.
D) individualism and collectivism.

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Ramona works for a large Denver,Colorado ski equipment warehouse.In the past,her only chance to learn how she was doing on the job came during fairly superficial performance reviews with her boss twice a year.The company recently implemented a policy designed to give Ramona and other employees detailed information about their job performance on a monthly basis.This suggests that the ski equipment retailer now provides Ramona and her co-workers with more:


A) autonomy.
B) task identity.
C) task significance.
D) feedback.

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The findings of the Hawthorne studies led researchers to look more closely at how ____________ could lead to better productivity.


A) changes in salary and benefits
B) disciplinary factors and punishment
C) changes in physical working conditions
D) the human side of motivation

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As the marketing director for Chipper's Golf Resort,you are making plans for the annual golf tournament,and trying to decide on the amount for the top three prizes.In past years,you successfully raised $25,000 through registration fees and sponsorship.You know that you could easily attract some great local talent if you make the top prize $10,000;but,can you afford to announce a $10,000 top prize at the expense of losing out on a portion of the registration fee when others decide not to participate? Using expectancy theory rationale that you learned in business class,you explain to the general manager that if you set the prize too high,several better than average golfers in the area will find their chances to be "out of their league" and will be unmotivated to participate or spend the money.Your analysis of the situation is reasonable.

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Since motivation comes from within an individual,there is little that managers can do to help motivate employees.

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Weldon Taskman has just successfully negotiated a new long-term sales agreement with a major client.The personal satisfaction Weldon has about his efforts is his _______ reward.


A) external
B) extrinsic
C) intrinsic
D) reciprocal

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The concept that a hierarchy of human needs could be used to explain motivation was developed by:


A) Abraham Maslow.
B) Frederick Taylor.
C) Douglas McGregor.
D) Frederick Herzberg.

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Equity theory tells us that when employees perceive inequitable treatment they will respond in a manner that will attempt to reestablish fairness.

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Jerry has a great deal of faith in the abilities of his subordinates.He believes that most employees want to be productive,and will work hard if given the proper incentives.He also believes that most firms do not take full advantage of the intelligence and creativity of their employees.For these reasons Jerry favors a managerial style that allows employees to be flexible and creative in how they do their jobs,and empowers them to make and implement decisions.Jerry is a Theory Y-type manager.

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As a contemporary manager,your employees will perceive that their opinions are more valued if:


A) you allow for personalized,closed-end question type employee opinion surveys.
B) you provide settings where employees have the opportunity to converse with all levels of management.
C) you televise CEO communication to their offices on a regular basis.
D) the company emphasizes job simplification.

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Cedric works for a landscaping business.His employer has asked Cedric if he would be willing to work overtime this weekend to finish a job for an important client.According to expectancy theory,Cedric will want to compare the compensation or other rewards offered by his employer to the extra effort involved before he decides whether to agree to the job.

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The best strategy to deal with a perceived inequity in the compensation of different employees is to require that salaries and other forms of compensation are kept secret.

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If managers want to retain their employees,a good strategy may involve mentoring them for more senior roles in the organization and provide opportunities for job advancement.

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In Maslow's hierarchy,__________ needs refer to the desire to reach one's fullest potential.


A) social
B) esteem
C) egoistic
D) self-actualization

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Herzberg's findings suggest that the best way for firms to increase worker motivation is to focus on improving pay and making working conditions more pleasant.

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Andy is a supervisor at a web design company.Andy has observed that most employees he supervises are more productive if he lets them have some freedom and flexibility in how they go about their work.Andy's experience is consistent with the teachings of scientific management.

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