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Exam 5: How Do We Misinterpret

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Question 1

Multiple Choice

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Which of the following represents the most serious threat to internal validity?

A) selection bias
B) nonresponse bias
C) heterogenous attrition
D) homogeneous attrition

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C

Question 2

Multiple Choice

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Experimenter bias and _______ can become very similar in some experiments.

A) regression toward the mean
B) maturation
C) participant expectancies
D) attrition

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Question 3

Multiple Choice

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Both testing effects and:

During the first quarter of his freshman year in high school,Dinky received a very low score on a vocabulary test.Three months later Dinky took test again,and he scored much higher on the test.Dinky's improvement can be explained by:

By replicating an experiment while using a different specific way of manipulating the independent variable,a researcher can often reduce concerns about:

Lincoln conducted a successful experiment on modeling (i.e. ,social learning or copying) and helping behavior among American high school students.He then replicated this same experiment (using exactly the same independent and dependent variables) in a sample of Japanese senior citizens.Lincoln probably hoped that his replication study would reduce concerns about:

Rosenthal and Fode's study of "maze-bright" and "maze-dull" rats provides an excellent example of:

The Literary Digest error concerning the outcome of the 1936 U.S.Presidential election was apparently caused by:

Which of the following threats to validity could often be thought of as a form of attitude polarization?

The most common threat to the internal validity of research designs is probably:

Demand characteristics refer to:

Madeline plans to stand outside of a BMW dealership and ask the people she sees who they think will win the 2012 presidential election.Her study will most likely suffer from which of the following methodological problems?

The Implicit Association Test (IAT) assesses people's unconscious associations about objects.The IAT would be used in an instance when the experimenter is trying to:

In their research on the door-in-the-face technique and blood donation,Cialdini and Ascani (1976) were concerned about the possibility of experimenter bias.What steps did they take to eliminate or reduce this methodological problem?

Which of the following threats to validity CANNOT be corrected by simply adding a control group to a researcher's design?

Whereas confounds threat____,artifacts threat____.

Regression toward the mean occurs because:

In an experimental study of cooperation,the experimenter makes people in the experimental condition feel like they have no choice but to cooperate with a confederate.Kermit was assigned to this condition of the study and felt that he was being treated like a puppet.As a result,he actively tried to disconfirm the experimenter's hypothesis by refusing to cooperate.This is an example of:

The tendency for people to change their behaviors just because they have been asked what they intend to do in the future is known as:

One of the pairs of terms below consists of two very similar threats to validity.Which pair?