Question 1

Which of the following is most like the formation of twins?

Accepted Answer

A)   cell cloning
B)   therapeutic cloning
C)   use of adult stem cells
D)   embryo transfer
E)   organismal cloning

Question 2

Cell differentiation always involves

Accepted Answer

A)   the transcription of the myoD gene.
B)   the movement of cells.
C)   the production of tissue-specific proteins.
D)   the selective loss of certain genes from the genome.

Question 3

Let us suppose that someone is successful at producing induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS)  for replacement of pancreatic insulin-producing cells for people with type 1 diabetes. Which of the following occurrences could still be problematic?

Accepted Answer

A)   the possibility that, once introduced into the patient, the iPS cells produce nonpancreatic cells
B)   the success of the iPS cells taking up residence in the pancreas
C)   the ability of the iPS cells to respond to appropriate regulatory signals
D)   the possibility that, once introduced into the patient, the iPS cells produce only pancreatic cells

Question 4

In 1997, Dolly the sheep was cloned. Which of the following processes was used?

Accepted Answer

A)   use of mitochondrial DNA from adult female cells of another ewe
B)   replication and dedifferentiation of adult stem cells from sheep bone marrow
C)   separation of an early-stage sheep blastula into separate cells, one of which was incubated in a surrogate ewe
D)   fusion of an adult cell's nucleus with an enucleated sheep egg, followed by incubation in a surrogate

Question 5

Which of the following statements accurately describes one main characteristic of proto-oncogenes?

Accepted Answer

A)   Their normal function is to suppress tumor growth.
B)   They are produced by somatic mutations induced by carcinogenic substances.
C)   They code for proteins associated with normal cell growth.
D)   They are underexpressed in cancer cells.

Question 6

Recent research has shown that adult cells can be induced to become pluripotent stem cells (iPS) . In order to make this conversion, what is done to the adult cells?

Accepted Answer

A)   A retrovirus is used to introduce four master regulatory genes.
B)   The adult stem cells are fused with embryonic cells.
C)   Cytoplasm from embryonic cells is injected into the adult cells.
D)   The nucleus of an embryonic cell is used to replace the nucleus of an adult cell.

Question 7

A researcher is using adult stem cells and comparing them to other adult cells from the same tissue. Which of the following statements describes a likely finding of this research?

Accepted Answer

A)   The cells from the two sources exhibit different patterns of DNA methylation.
B)   Adult stem cells have more DNA nucleotides than their counterparts.
C)   The two kinds of cells have virtually identical gene expression patterns in microarrays.
D)   The non-stem cells have fewer repressed genes.

Question 8

The first cloned cat, called Carbon Copy, was a calico, but she looked significantly different from her female parent. Why?

Accepted Answer

A)   The environment, as well as genetics, affects phenotypic variation.
B)   Fur color genes in cats are influenced by differential acetylation patterns.
C)   Cloned animals have been found to have a higher frequency of transposon activation.
D)   X inactivation in the embryo is random and produces different patterns in each individual.

Question 9

Which of the following statements correctly describes tumor-suppressor genes?

Accepted Answer

A)   They are frequently overexpressed in cancerous cells.
B)   They are cancer-causing genes introduced into cells by viruses.
C)   They can encode proteins that promote DNA repair or cell-cell adhesion.
D)   They often encode proteins that stimulate the cell cycle.

Question 10

Which of the following genes map out the basic subdivisions along the anterior-posterior axis of the Drosophila embryo?

Accepted Answer

A)   homeotic genes
B)   segmentation genes
C)   egg-polarity genes
D)   morphogens
E)   inducers

Question 11

Pax-6 is a gene that is involved in eye formation in many invertebrates, such as Drosophila. Pax-6 is also found in vertebrates. A Pax-6 gene from a mouse can be expressed in a fly, and the protein (PAX-6)  leads to a compound fly eye. This information suggests which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   Pax-6 genes are identical in nucleotide sequence.
B)   PAX-6 proteins have identical amino acid sequences.
C)   Pax-6 is highly conserved and shows shared evolutionary ancestry.
D)   PAX-6 proteins are different for formation of different kinds of eyes.
E)   PAX-6 from a mouse can function in a fly, but a fly's Pax-6 gene cannot function in a mouse.

Question 12

Embryonic lethal mutations result in

Accepted Answer

A)   phenotypes that prevent fertilization.
B)   failure to express maternal effect genes.
C)   death during pupation.
D)   phenotypes that are never born/hatched.

Question 13

Your brother has just purchased a new plastic model airplane. He places all the parts on the table in approximately the positions in which they will be located when the model is complete. His actions are analogous to which process in development?

Accepted Answer

A)   morphogenesis
B)   determination
C)   induction
D)   differentiation
E)   pattern formation

Question 14

In colorectal cancer, several genes must be mutated in order to contribute to a cell developing into a cancer cell. Which of the following kinds of genes would you expect to be mutated?

Accepted Answer

A)   genes coding for enzymes that act in the colon
B)   genes involved in control of the cell cycle
C)   genes that are especially susceptible to mutation
D)   the same genes that Knudsen identified as associated with retinoblastoma

Exam 16: Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Which of the following statements accurately describes one main characteristic of proto-oncogenes?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following genes map out the basic subdivisions along the anterior-posterior axis of the Drosophila embryo?

Correct Answer
verified

The first cloned cat, called Carbon Copy, was a calico, but she looked significantly different from her female parent. Why?

Correct Answer
verified

Recent research has shown that adult cells can be induced to become pluripotent stem cells (iPS) . In order to make this conversion, what is done to the adult cells?

Correct Answer
verified

A researcher is using adult stem cells and comparing them to other adult cells from the same tissue. Which of the following statements describes a likely finding of this research?

Correct Answer
verified

Let us suppose that someone is successful at producing induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) for replacement of pancreatic insulin-producing cells for people with type 1 diabetes. Which of the following occurrences could still be problematic?

Correct Answer
verified

In colorectal cancer, several genes must be mutated in order to contribute to a cell developing into a cancer cell. Which of the following kinds of genes would you expect to be mutated?

Correct Answer
verified

Pax-6 is a gene that is involved in eye formation in many invertebrates, such as Drosophila. Pax-6 is also found in vertebrates. A Pax-6 gene from a mouse can be expressed in a fly, and the protein (PAX-6) leads to a compound fly eye. This information suggests which of the following?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is most like the formation of twins?

Correct Answer
verified

Cell differentiation always involves

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements correctly describes tumor-suppressor genes?

Correct Answer
verified

Your brother has just purchased a new plastic model airplane. He places all the parts on the table in approximately the positions in which they will be located when the model is complete. His actions are analogous to which process in development?

Correct Answer
verified

Embryonic lethal mutations result in

Correct Answer
verified

In 1997, Dolly the sheep was cloned. Which of the following processes was used?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 16: Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Which of the following statements accurately describes one main characteristic of proto-oncogenes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following genes map out the basic subdivisions along the anterior-posterior axis of the Drosophila embryo?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The first cloned cat, called Carbon Copy, was a calico, but she looked significantly different from her female parent. Why?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Recent research has shown that adult cells can be induced to become pluripotent stem cells (iPS) . In order to make this conversion, what is done to the adult cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A researcher is using adult stem cells and comparing them to other adult cells from the same tissue. Which of the following statements describes a likely finding of this research?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Let us suppose that someone is successful at producing induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) for replacement of pancreatic insulin-producing cells for people with type 1 diabetes. Which of the following occurrences could still be problematic?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In colorectal cancer, several genes must be mutated in order to contribute to a cell developing into a cancer cell. Which of the following kinds of genes would you expect to be mutated?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Pax-6 is a gene that is involved in eye formation in many invertebrates, such as Drosophila. Pax-6 is also found in vertebrates. A Pax-6 gene from a mouse can be expressed in a fly, and the protein (PAX-6) leads to a compound fly eye. This information suggests which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is most like the formation of twins?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cell differentiation always involves

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements correctly describes tumor-suppressor genes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Your brother has just purchased a new plastic model airplane. He places all the parts on the table in approximately the positions in which they will be located when the model is complete. His actions are analogous to which process in development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Embryonic lethal mutations result in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In 1997, Dolly the sheep was cloned. Which of the following processes was used?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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