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Exam 17: Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

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Question 1

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In bacteria, there are 61 mRNA codons that specify an amino acid, but only 45 tRNAs. Which of the following statements explains this fact?

A) Some tRNAs have anticodons that recognise four or more different codons.
B) The rules for base pairing between the third base of a codon and tRNA are flexible.
C) Many codons are never used, so the tRNAs that recognise them are dispensable.
D) The DNA codes for all 61 tRNAs, but some are then destroyed.

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Question 2

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Which of the following is not true of RNA processing?

A) Exons are cut out before mRNA leaves the nucleus.
B) Nucleotides may be added at both ends of the RNA.
C) Ribozymes may function in RNA splicing.
D) RNA splicing can be catalysed by spliceosomes.

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Question 3

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Post-translational modifications of proteins may include which of the following processes?

Which of the following statements best describes the significance of the TATA box in the promoters of eukaryotes?

Rank the following one-base point mutations with respect to their likelihood of affecting the structure of the corresponding polypeptide (from most likely to least likely) . 1) insertion mutation deep within an intron 2) substitution mutation at the third position of a codon in an exon 3) substitution mutation at the second position of a codon in an exon 4) deletion mutation within the first exon of the gene

The genetic code is essentially the same for all organisms. From this, one can logically assume which of the following statements to be true?

Which of the following statements is the most current description of a gene?

The figure represents tRNA that recognises and binds a particular amino acid (in this instance, phenylalanine) . -Which codon on the mRNA strand codes for this amino acid?

Which of the following properties is associated with a protein that will be secreted from a eukaryotic cell?

Which of the following processes is the first event to take place in translation in eukaryotes?

A single base substitution mutation is likely to have a less deleterious effect when the base change exhibits which of the following results?

According to the central dogma, what is the intermediate molecule involved in the flow of information in a cell that should go in the blank? DNA → ________ → Proteins

How does the primary transcript in the nucleus of a prokaryotic cell compare to the functional mRNA?

Which of the following statements correctly describes the function of a signal peptide?

How might a single base substitution in the sequence of a gene affect the amino acid sequence of a protein encoded by the gene?

Which of the following statements correctly describes a ribozyme?

Which of the following processes occurs when termination of translation takes place?

Which of the following molecular structures contain codons?

In an experimental situation, a student researcher inserts an mRNA molecule into a eukaryotic cell after she has removed its 5′ cap and poly-A tail. Which of the following processes would you expect her to find to have occurred?

A particular triplet of bases in the coding sequence of DNA is AAA. The anticodon on the tRNA that binds the mRNA codon is ________.