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Exam 11: Visual Knowledge

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Question 21

Multiple Choice

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A researcher asks a participant to memorize a city map. On the map, the library and the school are 2 inches apart; the school and the hospital are 4 inches apart. The researcher now instructs the participant to form an image of the map and to scan from the library to the school. The researcher then asks the participant to scan from the school to the hospital. Which of the following is MOST likely to be true?

A) The scanning time from the school to the hospital is half the scanning time between the library and the school.
B) The scanning time from the school to the hospital is triple the scanning time between the library and the school.
C) The scanning time from the school to the hospital is the same as the scanning time between the library and the school.
D) The scanning time from the school to the hospital is double the scanning time between the library and the school.

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Question 22

Multiple Choice

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Paivio and others have proposed that some types of knowledge are encoded in image-based representations and that other types of knowledge are stored in verbal form. In addition, it is claimed that:

A) both forms of representation are more efficiently accessed with words as the memory cues
B) the knowledge expressed in image-based representations cannot be expressed in verbal form
C) information about semantic associations is more easily represented in the image-based format
D) image-based knowledge is more efficiently accessed with a picture as the memory cue

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Question 23

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Which of following statements is NOT true about memory for pictures?

Brian is a brain-damaged individual who has lost the ability to do most visual tasks, including tasks requiring him to think about an object's color. On the basis of other evidence, it is likely that Brian:

If given a picture of a classroom with a chalkboard, desks, and students, people are likely to:

Memory for pictures:

The text considers various arguments concerning pictures and percepts. According to the text, pictures are:

If participants are asked to imagine an object, such as a dog, information that will be prominent in the mental image:

In memorizing new material, it is consistently helpful if one imagines the items:

Segal and Fusella asked their participants to visualize one stimulus while attempting to detect a different, rather faint signal. The data indicate that the activity of visualization:

Lisa and Katie are both using imagery mnemonics to try and remember the words "dog" and "ferris wheel." Lisa imagines a dog riding a ferris wheel, while Katie remembers a person at a theme park walking her dog. Lisa's strategy will:

How are images different from other mental representations?

According to Paivio, a word like "chair" is _____ than a word like "faith."

Visual information may be stored in memory via a verbal description of the previously viewed object. Memory can be improved when an appropriate label of description is available. This is consistent with which of the following themes about memory?

In memorizing new material, the pattern of "dual coding" refers to:

The technique of transcranial magnetic stimulation employs strong magnetic pulses at a particular site on the scalp. When it is used on the scalp near Area V1, the effect is:

In some studies, participants have been asked to visualize a particular stimulus (e.g., the letter A) . If the same stimulus is then presented at low contrast, visualization:

Evidence indicates that the acuity in visual imagery is:

Studies of image scanning indicate that:

When participants are asked to report on their imagery experience, we discover that: