Question 1

Psychologist Elizabeth Loftus had participants in one study watch a film about an auto accident, write a description of the accident, and then answer a series of questions, which were different for different groups of participants. A week later, the participants were questioned again. What was one basic finding of the study?

Accepted Answer

A)   Participants who were asked how fast the cars were going when they "contacted each other" gave the highest speed estimates.
B)   Participants who had themselves been in auto accidents confused details of their own accidents with details from the film, an example of source confusion.
C)   Participants who were shown photographs of the drivers and passengers had more vivid memories of the accident than participants who did not see photographs, an example of imagination inflation.
D)   Participants who were asked how fast the cars were going when they "smashed into each other" mistakenly remembered seeing broken glass in the film, an example of the misinformation effect.

Question 2

Researcher Eric Kandel:

Accepted Answer

A)   performed an experimental surgery in 1953 on the man known as H.M., who has since been unable to form new episodic memories.
B)   was awarded the Nobel Prize for his discoveries on the neuronal changes that occur when new memories are formed.
C)   conducted research on maze learning in rats over a 30-year period and discovered that memories were distributed throughout the cortex.
D)   was responsible for identifying the brain region where memories of simple, classically conditioned responses are stored in both rats and humans.

Question 3

Working memory:

Accepted Answer

A)   provides permanent storage for information.
B)   refers to the active, conscious manipulation of temporarily stored information.
C)   has a limited capacity of about 12 to 14 items.
D)   has a relatively short duration seldom exceeding three to four seconds.

Question 4

Some sensory neurons that are involved with the initial perception of a stimulus are later reactivated when the memory of the stimulus is recalled.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Research has consistently shown that, like photographs, flashbulb memories are unaffected by the passage of time. Thus, they tend to be highly accurate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a possible cause of forgetting described in your textbook?

Accepted Answer

A)   consolidation
B)   decay
C)   encoding failure
D)   interference

Question 7

According to the Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology section on improving your memory:

Accepted Answer

A)   it is important to avoid distracting stimuli that may compete for your attention while studying.
B)   using television in the background can serve as a stimulus cue for remembering studied material.
C)   it is important to avoid using mnemonic devices because they require too much mental effort to master effectively.
D)   massed practice works better than distributed practice for certain subjects that are studied.

Question 8

In the stage model of memory, the first stage is called sensory memory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The prefrontal cortex processes memory for the sequence of events.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Cramming is highly recommended to enhance long-term retention of new information.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Implicit memory is also referred to as nondeclarative memory because it consists of memories of which we are not consciously aware.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

You are conducting a study on the organization of information in long-term memory. In the study, participants are told to say the first word that comes to their mind in response to the stimulus words day, woods, and time. Many participants respond "night," "trees," and "clock." In your write-up of the study, you note that the participants' responses seem to support:

Accepted Answer

A)   interference theory.
B)   the notion of the serial position effect.
C)   mood congruence.
D)   the semantic network model.

Question 13

There appear to be clear anatomical and functional divisions in biological systems supporting memory that correspond well to the divisions of the cognitive stage model of memory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Why should one be cautious about accepting the accuracy of memories of childhood sexual abuse that have been "recovered" in the course of psychotherapy?

Accepted Answer

One should be cautious about accepting t...

Question 15

When asked to define the learning concept negative reinforcement, Hannah replied, "Negative reinforcement is when you perform a behavior that stops or lets you avoid an unpleasant stimulus, so you're more likely to repeat the behavior when you encounter the same unpleasant stimulus in the future." Hannah's answer reflects which category of long-term memory?

Accepted Answer

A)   implicit memory
B)   procedural memory
C)   episodic memory
D)   semantic memory

Question 16

George Miller's classic experiment suggested that short-term memory has a capacity of about seven bits of information, plus or minus two.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

When encoding failure causes forgetting, the information:

Accepted Answer

A)   has been replaced or interfered with by a previous memory.
B)   has been destroyed through the misinformation effect.
C)   cannot be retrieved because it has undergone the process of decay.
D)   cannot be retrieved because it was never encoded into long-term memory in the first place.

Question 18

The "lost-in-the-mall" study by psychologist Elizabeth Loftus:

Accepted Answer

A)   was contradicted by later research that failed to replicate the results.
B)   showed that imagination inflation was a useful technique for enhancing the accuracy of recall.
C)   showed that inattentional blindness and source amnesia were responsible for creating the pseudo-memory of being lost in the mall.
D)   has been replicated by other research using a wide variety of pseudo-events, including being saved from nearly drowning and spilling a punch bowl at a wedding.

Question 19

The _____ is involved in memories involving movement.

Accepted Answer

A)   prefrontal cortex
B)   hippocampus
C)   amygdala
D)   cerebellum

Question 20

Working memory provides temporary storage for information that is currently being used in some conscious mental activity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 6: Memory

The prefrontal cortex processes memory for the sequence of events.

Correct Answer
verified

Working memory provides temporary storage for information that is currently being used in some conscious mental activity.

Correct Answer
verified

Implicit memory is also referred to as nondeclarative memory because it consists of memories of which we are not consciously aware.

Correct Answer
verified

Why should one be cautious about accepting the accuracy of memories of childhood sexual abuse that have been "recovered" in the course of psychotherapy?

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
One should be cautious about accepting t...
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Researcher Eric Kandel:

Correct Answer
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George Miller's classic experiment suggested that short-term memory has a capacity of about seven bits of information, plus or minus two.

Correct Answer
verified

In the stage model of memory, the first stage is called sensory memory.

Correct Answer
verified

When encoding failure causes forgetting, the information:

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The _____ is involved in memories involving movement.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is NOT a possible cause of forgetting described in your textbook?

Correct Answer
verified

According to the Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology section on improving your memory:

Correct Answer
verified

Research has consistently shown that, like photographs, flashbulb memories are unaffected by the passage of time. Thus, they tend to be highly accurate.

Correct Answer
verified

The "lost-in-the-mall" study by psychologist Elizabeth Loftus:

Correct Answer
verified

Cramming is highly recommended to enhance long-term retention of new information.

Correct Answer
verified

Working memory:

Correct Answer
verified

There appear to be clear anatomical and functional divisions in biological systems supporting memory that correspond well to the divisions of the cognitive stage model of memory.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Some sensory neurons that are involved with the initial perception of a stimulus are later reactivated when the memory of the stimulus is recalled.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 6: Memory

The prefrontal cortex processes memory for the sequence of events.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Working memory provides temporary storage for information that is currently being used in some conscious mental activity.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Implicit memory is also referred to as nondeclarative memory because it consists of memories of which we are not consciously aware.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why should one be cautious about accepting the accuracy of memories of childhood sexual abuse that have been "recovered" in the course of psychotherapy?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIOne should be cautious about accepting t...View AnswerShow Answer

Researcher Eric Kandel:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

George Miller's classic experiment suggested that short-term memory has a capacity of about seven bits of information, plus or minus two.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the stage model of memory, the first stage is called sensory memory.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When encoding failure causes forgetting, the information:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The _____ is involved in memories involving movement.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a possible cause of forgetting described in your textbook?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology section on improving your memory:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research has consistently shown that, like photographs, flashbulb memories are unaffected by the passage of time. Thus, they tend to be highly accurate.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The "lost-in-the-mall" study by psychologist Elizabeth Loftus:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cramming is highly recommended to enhance long-term retention of new information.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Working memory:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

There appear to be clear anatomical and functional divisions in biological systems supporting memory that correspond well to the divisions of the cognitive stage model of memory.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some sensory neurons that are involved with the initial perception of a stimulus are later reactivated when the memory of the stimulus is recalled.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
One should be cautious about accepting t...
View Answer

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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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