Question 1

Why did conditioned taste aversions appear to violate the original principles of classical conditioning, and how did Garcia and other researchers come to explain taste aversion?

Accepted Answer

Conditioned taste aversions appeared to ...

Question 2

Edward C. Tolman would have most likely made which of the following statements?

Accepted Answer

A)   "Animals cannot respond to the complexities of a learning environment, only humans can."
B)   "Animals are adept at learning a sequence of responses, and this is what helps the animals run through a maze so quickly and accurately."
C)   "Psychologists should be examining the underlying motivation for the behaviors performed rather than just observing behavior."
D)   "Animals develop a mental representation of the layout of a maze, which allows them to run quickly and accurately through a maze."

Question 3

Which of the following statements best captures the essence of Thorndike's law of effect?

Accepted Answer

A)   New stimuli can be conditioned to produce reflexive behaviors.
B)   Learning can only occur when the CS provides information about the probability of the UCS occurring.
C)   Rewarded behaviors are more likely to be repeated, while unrewarded behaviors are less likely to be repeated.
D)   If a person first observes the actions of others, that person can successfully complete a task on the first attempt.

Question 4

Although there are exceptions to the general laws of learning, the principles of classical and operant conditioning remain valid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

In an experiment, researchers conquered learned helplessness in dogs by:

Accepted Answer

A)   repeatedly presenting the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus.
B)   dragging the dogs over a barrier to the side of the cage that was not electrified.
C)   removing the food from the end of the maze.
D)   disconnecting the food dispenser from the operant chamber in the dogs' cages.

Question 6

The respect of your peers, the approval of your instructors or managers, a smile, a touch, or a nod of recognition are all possible examples of:

Accepted Answer

A)   primary reinforcers.
B)   negative reinforcers.
C)   conditioned reinforcers.
D)   punishment by removal.

Question 7

Prior to conditioning, a dog does not salivate to the sound of a ringing bell. At this point, the ringing bell is a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)   unconditioned stimulus.
B)   unconditioned response.
C)   neutral stimulus.
D)   conditioned response.

Question 8

In your philosophy class, you have found that your professor never calls on you when you raise your hand. As a result you no longer raise your hand to ask or answer questions. In learning theory, no longer raising your hand would be the result of:

Accepted Answer

A)   partial reinforcement.
B)   stimulus discrimination.
C)   extinction.
D)   negative reinforcement.

Question 9

Coyotes who have been fed sheep carcasses laced with a nausea-inducing poison are less likely to prey on sheep in the wild. This phenomenon is best explained by which classical conditioning phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)   learned helplessness
B)   punishment by removal
C)   higher order conditioning
D)   taste aversion learning

Question 10

One of Tolman's classic research studies involved three groups of rats running mazes for several days. The rats in group 1 received a food reward at the end of the maze every time they ran the maze. The rats in group 2 never received a food reward in the maze. In contrast, the rats in group 3 did not receive a food reward at the end of the maze until the eleventh day of the study. What behavior did the rats in group 2 and group 3 display on day 12?

Accepted Answer

A)   The number of errors the rats in group 2 made remained about the same, but the number of errors the rats in group 3 made decreased sharply, showing that they had learned the layout of the maze without being reinforced.
B)   The number of errors the rats in group 2 and group 3 made remained about the same, showing that neither group had learned the layout of the maze.
C)   The number of errors by the rats in both groups made sharply decreased, showing the importance of observational learning.
D)   The number of errors the rats in group 2 made remained about the same, but the number of errors the rats in group 3 made increased, showing that rewards can interfere with both motivation and performance.

Question 11

Whenever Stephanie changes the engine air filter in her car, she unscrews the two bolts that hold the filter cover on, then places the two bolts by the car's front tire to avoid dropping (and losing)  them in the car's engine. Using operant conditioning terminology, placing the bolts by the tire is:

Accepted Answer

A)   an unconditioned response that is being positively reinforced.
B)   an operant that is being reinforced on a fixed-interval schedule.
C)   the operant that is being negatively reinforced.
D)   the operant that is being positively reinforced.

Question 12

Classical conditioning is to operant conditioning as _____ are to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   reflexive, involuntary responses; nonreflexive, voluntary responses
B)   reflexive, involuntary responses; automatic responses
C)   nonreflexive, voluntary responses; reflexive, involuntary responses
D)   reflexive, voluntary responses; nonreflexive, involuntary responses

Question 13

Caleb had a wonderful time on his first date with Shauna. Because of this, he asked Shauna to go out on a second date. What best explains why Caleb asks Shauna for another date?

Accepted Answer

A)   latent learning
B)   response generalization
C)   spontaneous recovery
D)   the law of effect

Question 14

If an action is negatively reinforced, it is _____ to be repeated. If an action is positively reinforced, it is _____ to be repeated.

Accepted Answer

A)   less likely; more likely
B)   more likely; less likely
C)   less likely; less likely
D)   more likely; more likely

Question 15

The respect of your peers, the approval of your instructors or managers, a smile, a touch, or a nod of recognition can all be possible examples of conditioned reinforcers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Phobias and other irrational fears are always the result of a prior conditioning experience with the specific feared object or situation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Bandura's research on observational learning in children provided a powerful paradigm to study the effects of "entertainment" violence.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Six-year-old Blair liked the first grade right up until her teacher, Ms. Havemayer, took maternity leave. The substitute teacher, old Mrs. Snarly, was strict and scolded Blair on several occasions, making her cry. On one Saturday morning as Blair was helping her father with grocery shopping, she suddenly came face to face with old Mrs. Snarly. Blair instantly burst into tears. For Blair, Mrs. Snarly in the grocery store is an example of a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)   conditioned stimulus.
B)   unconditioned response.
C)   unconditioned stimulus.
D)   conditioned response.

Question 19

On the first trial, the rat had to press the bar three times to get a pellet of food. On the second trial, the rat had to press the bar seven times. Although the number of presses necessary continued to vary from trial to trial, on the average the rat was reinforced for every five bar presses. The rat is on a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)   fixed-interval
B)   fixed-ratio
C)   variable-ratio
D)   variable-interval

Question 20

"I'll make you a deal," Cody's mother says. "If you clean up your room, then you can have a glazed donut." Using operant conditioning terms, Cody's mother uses _____ to reward desired behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)   punishment by avoidance
B)   a conditioned reinforcer
C)   a primary reinforcer
D)   negative reinforcement

Exam 5: Learning

Correct Answer
verified

Classical conditioning is to operant conditioning as _ are to _.

Correct Answer
verified

Coyotes who have been fed sheep carcasses laced with a nausea-inducing poison are less likely to prey on sheep in the wild. This phenomenon is best explained by which classical conditioning phenomenon?

Correct Answer
verified

Why did conditioned taste aversions appear to violate the original principles of classical conditioning, and how did Garcia and other researchers come to explain taste aversion?

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Conditioned taste aversions appeared to ...
View Answer

Prior to conditioning, a dog does not salivate to the sound of a ringing bell. At this point, the ringing bell is a(n) :

Correct Answer
verified

Phobias and other irrational fears are always the result of a prior conditioning experience with the specific feared object or situation.

Correct Answer
verified

If an action is negatively reinforced, it is _ to be repeated. If an action is positively reinforced, it is _ to be repeated.

Correct Answer
verified

Caleb had a wonderful time on his first date with Shauna. Because of this, he asked Shauna to go out on a second date. What best explains why Caleb asks Shauna for another date?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements best captures the essence of Thorndike's law of effect?

Correct Answer
verified

Bandura's research on observational learning in children provided a powerful paradigm to study the effects of "entertainment" violence.

Correct Answer
verified

The respect of your peers, the approval of your instructors or managers, a smile, a touch, or a nod of recognition are all possible examples of:

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Edward C. Tolman would have most likely made which of the following statements?

Correct Answer
verified

In your philosophy class, you have found that your professor never calls on you when you raise your hand. As a result you no longer raise your hand to ask or answer questions. In learning theory, no longer raising your hand would be the result of:

Correct Answer
verified

Whenever Stephanie changes the engine air filter in her car, she unscrews the two bolts that hold the filter cover on, then places the two bolts by the car's front tire to avoid dropping (and losing) them in the car's engine. Using operant conditioning terminology, placing the bolts by the tire is:

Correct Answer
verified

The respect of your peers, the approval of your instructors or managers, a smile, a touch, or a nod of recognition can all be possible examples of conditioned reinforcers.

Correct Answer
verified

"I'll make you a deal," Cody's mother says. "If you clean up your room, then you can have a glazed donut." Using operant conditioning terms, Cody's mother uses _____ to reward desired behavior.

Correct Answer
verified

Although there are exceptions to the general laws of learning, the principles of classical and operant conditioning remain valid.

Correct Answer
verified

In an experiment, researchers conquered learned helplessness in dogs by:

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 5: Learning

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Classical conditioning is to operant conditioning as _____ are to _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Coyotes who have been fed sheep carcasses laced with a nausea-inducing poison are less likely to prey on sheep in the wild. This phenomenon is best explained by which classical conditioning phenomenon?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why did conditioned taste aversions appear to violate the original principles of classical conditioning, and how did Garcia and other researchers come to explain taste aversion?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIConditioned taste aversions appeared to ...View AnswerShow Answer

Prior to conditioning, a dog does not salivate to the sound of a ringing bell. At this point, the ringing bell is a(n) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Phobias and other irrational fears are always the result of a prior conditioning experience with the specific feared object or situation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If an action is negatively reinforced, it is _____ to be repeated. If an action is positively reinforced, it is _____ to be repeated.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Caleb had a wonderful time on his first date with Shauna. Because of this, he asked Shauna to go out on a second date. What best explains why Caleb asks Shauna for another date?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements best captures the essence of Thorndike's law of effect?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bandura's research on observational learning in children provided a powerful paradigm to study the effects of "entertainment" violence.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The respect of your peers, the approval of your instructors or managers, a smile, a touch, or a nod of recognition are all possible examples of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Edward C. Tolman would have most likely made which of the following statements?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In your philosophy class, you have found that your professor never calls on you when you raise your hand. As a result you no longer raise your hand to ask or answer questions. In learning theory, no longer raising your hand would be the result of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Whenever Stephanie changes the engine air filter in her car, she unscrews the two bolts that hold the filter cover on, then places the two bolts by the car's front tire to avoid dropping (and losing) them in the car's engine. Using operant conditioning terminology, placing the bolts by the tire is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The respect of your peers, the approval of your instructors or managers, a smile, a touch, or a nod of recognition can all be possible examples of conditioned reinforcers.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

"I'll make you a deal," Cody's mother says. "If you clean up your room, then you can have a glazed donut." Using operant conditioning terms, Cody's mother uses _____ to reward desired behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although there are exceptions to the general laws of learning, the principles of classical and operant conditioning remain valid.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In an experiment, researchers conquered learned helplessness in dogs by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Classical conditioning is to operant conditioning as _ are to _.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Conditioned taste aversions appeared to ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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If an action is negatively reinforced, it is _ to be repeated. If an action is positively reinforced, it is _ to be repeated.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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