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Leading consists of guiding the efforts of human resources to ensure high levels of task accomplishment.

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Plans that usually cover three years or more are called __________.


A) medium
B) operational
C) short-range
D) long-range

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A plan that commits resources to projects or activities is called a(n) __________.

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Plans done by the various departments, such as marketing and manufacturing, are called functional plans.

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True

Most people are comfortable with a time horizon of:*


A) one week.
B) three months.
C) one year.
D) five years.

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A ________ type of budget allows resource allocations to vary with the level of activity.


A) project
B) flexible
C) fixed
D) zero-based

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A budget that compares sales or revenues to expenses is called a(n) __________ budget.


A) operating
B) flexible
C) fixed
D) zero-based

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A planning technique that utilizes external comparisons to evaluate internal processes is called __________.

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benchmarking

If a forecast is carefully created, it can be relied upon to accurately predict the future.

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A common phrase used to define the things that world class companies do better than others is __________.*


A) best practices
B) international comparisons
C) operating procedures
D) forecasting

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Involving others, particularly those who implement the plan in the planning process is called __________.


A) groupthink
B) marketing research
C) participatory planning
D) selecting alternatives

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Each level of the organization should create their plans independently, in order to be responsive to the varying needs at each level.

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Strategic plans define what specific work units need to do in order for the organization to move ahead.

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A policy describes exactly what actions should be taken in specific situations.

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A plan covering production activities for the three months would be an example of a(n) __________ plan.


A) long-term
B) operational
C) strategic
D) recovery

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Contingency planning identifies alternate courses of action to be implemented in order to meet changing circumstances.

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A(n) __________ budget involves approaching each budget cycle as if it were new, starting from scratch each time.

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A process by which one establishes lower-level objectives in order to meet higher-level objectives is called _____________.*


A) objective analysis
B) strategic analysis
C) a hierarchy of objectives
D) a chain of command

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C

The process of developing alternative plans, in anticipation of having problems with implementing the existing plan is called __________.*


A) contingency planning
B) forecasting
C) scenario planning
D) budgeting

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Which of the following techniques makes use of external comparisons to evaluate current performance?*


A) Forecasting
B) Benchmarking
C) Allocating
D) Justifying

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