Question 1

At some point during the babbling stage, infants begin to

Accepted Answer

A)   imitate adult grammar.
B)   communicate in telegraphic speech.
C)   speak in simple words that may be barely recognizable.
D)   lose their ability to discriminate sounds they never hear.

Question 2

A sudden realization of the solution to a problem is called

Accepted Answer

A)   framing.
B)   insight.
C)   a heuristic.
D)   belief perseverance.

Question 3

An algorithm is a

Accepted Answer

A)   simple thinking strategy for making decisions quickly and efficiently.
B)   testing method involving trial and error.
C)   automatic, intuitive judgment.
D)   methodical step-by-step procedure for solving problems.

Question 4

An unwillingness to give up our beliefs even when the evidence proves us wrong is called

Accepted Answer

A)   the availability heuristic.
B)   trial and error.
C)   belief perseverance.
D)   confirmation bias.

Question 5

In the words "lightly," "neatly," and "shortly," the "ly" ending is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   algorithm.
B)   phoneme.
C)   morpheme.
D)   prototype.

Question 6

The part of the cerebral cortex that directs the muscle movements involved in speech is known as

Accepted Answer

A)   Wernicke's area.
B)   Broca's area.
C)   the temporal lobe.
D)   the parietal lobe.

Question 7

Research on racial and ethnic differences in intelligence indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)   school desegregation has actually decreased the academic achievement of Black American children.
B)   the average mathematics achievement test scores of Asian students are higher than those of North American students.
C)   among American Blacks, those with the most African ancestry receive the highest intelligence test scores.
D)   the Black-White difference in intelligence test scores has increased in recent years.

Question 8

Which of the following is cited by Chomsky as evidence that humans are born with a predisposition to learn language?

Accepted Answer

A)   Children master the complicated rules of grammar with ease.
B)   Different languages do not have the same grammatical building blocks.
C)   Children make unpredictable mistakes as they acquire grammar.
D)   Children raised in isolation from language spontaneously begin speaking words.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a requirement of a good test?

Accepted Answer

A)   reliability
B)   standardization
C)   heritability
D)   validity

Question 10

Compared with men, women are ________ capable of remembering objects' spatial locations and they are ________ sensitive to taste and color.

Accepted Answer

A)   more; less
B)   less; more
C)   more; more
D)   less; less

Question 11

Scientists are trained to carefully observe and record any research outcomes that are inconsistent with their hypotheses. This practice most directly serves to reduce

Accepted Answer

A)   the framing effect.
B)   process simulation.
C)   confirmation bias.
D)   algorithms.

Question 12

The study in which people who immigrated to the United States at various ages were compared in terms of their ability to understand English grammar found that

Accepted Answer

A)   age of arrival had no effect on mastery of grammar.
B)   those who immigrated as children understood grammar as well as native speakers.
C)   those who immigrated as adults understood grammar as well as native speakers.
D)   whether English was spoken in the home was the most important factor in mastering the rules of grammar.

Question 13

Factor analysis has been used to assess whether

Accepted Answer

A)   intelligence is determined primarily by heredity or by experience.
B)   intelligence is a single trait or a collection of distinct abilities.
C)   intelligence scores remain stable over the life span.
D)   differences in intellectual ability exist between groups of individuals.

Question 14

Your psychology professor has announced that the next test will assess your understanding of sensation and perception. When you receive the test, however, you find that very few questions actually relate to these topics. In this instance, you would be most concerned about the ________ of the test.

Accepted Answer

A)   reliability
B)   factor analysis
C)   standardization
D)   content validity

Question 15

A fixation refers to an inability to

Accepted Answer

A)   sort items into categories.
B)   estimate the likelihood of events.
C)   view a problem from a fresh perspective.
D)   search for evidence that supports our ideas.

Question 16

Using different words for two very similar objects enables people to recognize conceptual distinctions between the objects. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   telegraphic speech.
B)   linguistic determinism.
C)   fixation.
D)   the availability heuristic.

Question 17

Research suggests that during early and middle adulthood

Accepted Answer

A)   crystallized intelligence increases and fluid intelligence decreases.
B)   crystallized intelligence decreases and fluid intelligence increases.
C)   crystallized intelligence increases and fluid intelligence increases.
D)   crystallized intelligence decreases and fluid intelligence decreases.

Question 18

At 17 months of age, Julie says "wada" whenever she wants a drink of water. Julie is most likely in the ________ stage of language development.

Accepted Answer

A)   syntactic
B)   babbling
C)   one-word
D)   telegraphic speech

Question 19

Although Nicole scored well above average on an academic aptitude test, she frequently loses her temper and needlessly antagonizes even her best friends. Her behavior best illustrates a low level of

Accepted Answer

A)   convergent thinking.
B)   the g factor.
C)   mental age.
D)   emotional intelligence.

Question 20

To combine words into grammatically sensible sentences, we need to apply proper rules of

Accepted Answer

A)   semantics.
B)   syntax.
C)   the g factor.
D)   reliability.

Exam 9: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Factor analysis has been used to assess whether

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Compared with men, women are ________ capable of remembering objects' spatial locations and they are ________ sensitive to taste and color.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although Nicole scored well above average on an academic aptitude test, she frequently loses her temper and needlessly antagonizes even her best friends. Her behavior best illustrates a low level of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research on racial and ethnic differences in intelligence indicates that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Your psychology professor has announced that the next test will assess your understanding of sensation and perception. When you receive the test, however, you find that very few questions actually relate to these topics. In this instance, you would be most concerned about the ________ of the test.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The study in which people who immigrated to the United States at various ages were compared in terms of their ability to understand English grammar found that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An unwillingness to give up our beliefs even when the evidence proves us wrong is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A fixation refers to an inability to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is cited by Chomsky as evidence that humans are born with a predisposition to learn language?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Using different words for two very similar objects enables people to recognize conceptual distinctions between the objects. This best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the words "lightly," "neatly," and "shortly," the "ly" ending is a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research suggests that during early and middle adulthood

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Scientists are trained to carefully observe and record any research outcomes that are inconsistent with their hypotheses. This practice most directly serves to reduce

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An algorithm is a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The part of the cerebral cortex that directs the muscle movements involved in speech is known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A sudden realization of the solution to a problem is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At some point during the babbling stage, infants begin to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a requirement of a good test?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At 17 months of age, Julie says "wada" whenever she wants a drink of water. Julie is most likely in the ________ stage of language development.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To combine words into grammatically sensible sentences, we need to apply proper rules of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Compared with men, women are capable of remembering objects' spatial locations and they are sensitive to taste and color.

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