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Exam 13: Personality

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Question 111

Multiple Choice

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Cognitive dissonance theory emphasizes that we seek to reduce the discomfort we feel when we become aware that

A) our attitudes and actions clash.
B) our efforts to achieve a goal have been blocked.
C) we have overestimated the impact of personal dispositions on behavior.
D) other's pursuit of their self-interest can harm our well-being.

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Question 112

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Conformity increased under which of the following conditions in Asch's studies of conformity?

A) The group had three or more people.
B) The group had high status.
C) Individuals were made to feel insecure.
D) All of these conditions increased conformity.

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Question 113

Multiple Choice

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In making wedding preparations, Jason conforms to the expectations of his future bride's family simply to win their favor. His behavior illustrates the importance of

According to cognitive dissonance theory, dissonance is most likely to occur when

The hostilities between two racial subgroups of a riverfront community were dramatically reduced when the threat of their river flooding its banks required that they work together to save their town. This best illustrates the impact of

The frustration-aggression principle suggests that anger results when

When male students in an experiment were told that a woman to whom they would be speaking had been instructed to act in a friendly or unfriendly way, most of them subsequently attributed her behavior to

The expectation that people should return help, not harm, to those who have helped them is called the

An increase in ________ has been followed by more positive attitudes between South African Whites and Blacks.

In the years immediately following the introduction of school desegregation in the United States and the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, White Americans expressed diminishing racial prejudice. According to the text author, this best illustrated the impact of

Parents who discipline their children with beatings are often teaching aggression through the process of

Group polarization refers to

The tendency for observers to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal dispositions on another's behavior is called

Which of the following conclusions did Milgram derive from his studies of obedience?

The fundamental attribution error is most likely to lead observers to conclude that unemployed people

Noncompetitive contact between members of two different ethnic groups is likely to reduce prejudice when the contact is between individuals with

Violent pornographic movies often perpetuate the myth that

The ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next constitute

In investigating the impact of physical arousal on passionate love, reearchers arranged for an attractive woman to briefly interact with men who had recently

Luella publicly agrees with her seventh-grade classmates that parents should allow 13-year-olds to date. Later that day, she writes in her diary that she actually believes parents should prohibit kids from dating until they are at least 15 years old. Luella's public conformity to her classmates' opinion best illustrates the power of