Question 1

Fernando's favorable attitude toward capital punishment began to change when he was asked to offer arguments opposing it in a university debate class. His attitude change is best explained by ________ theory.

Accepted Answer

A)   cognitive dissonance
B)   social exchange
C)   scapegoat
D)   the two-factor

Question 2

After giving in to her friends' request that she drink alcohol with them, 16-year-old Jessica found that she couldn't resist the pressure they exerted on her to try cocaine. Her experience best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   ingroup bias.
B)   the mere exposure effect.
C)   the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
D)   the bystander effect.

Question 3

Social scripts refers to

Accepted Answer

A)   deep affectionate attachments for those with whom our lives are intertwined.
B)   expectations that people will help those who depend on them.
C)   shared goals that override differences among people who require their cooperation.
D)   culturally modeled guides for how to act in various situations.

Question 4

Which of the following BEST describes how GRIT works?

Accepted Answer

A)   The fact that two sides in a conflict have great respect for the other's strengths prevents further escalation of the problem.
B)   The two sides engage in a series of reciprocated conciliatory acts.
C)   The two sides agree to have their differences settled by a neutral, third-party mediator.
D)   The two sides engage in cooperation in those areas in which shared goals are possible.

Question 5

Which of the following is most likely to promote groupthink?

Accepted Answer

A)   The group's leader fails to take a firm stance on an issue.
B)   A minority faction holds to its position.
C)   The group consults with various experts.
D)   Group polarization is evident.

Question 6

Most researchers agree that

Accepted Answer

A)   media violence is a factor in aggression.
B)   there is a negative correlation between media violence and aggressiveness.
C)   paradoxically, watching excessive pornography ultimately diminishes an individual's aggressive tendencies.
D)   media violence is too unreal to promote aggression in viewers.

Question 7

After Ravi lost the student election for president of his high school class, he spread false rumors intended to spoil the newly chosen president's reputation. Ravi's behavior is best explained in terms of the

Accepted Answer

A)   foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
B)   mere exposure effect.
C)   frustration-aggression principle.
D)   fundamental attribution error.

Question 8

People tend to prefer a(n)  ________ image of themselves, while their friends prefer a ________ version of them.

Accepted Answer

A)   mirror; actual
B)   actual; mirror
C)   actual; actual
D)   mirror; mirror

Question 9

To help people avoid social traps, psychologists should promote an increased awareness of

Accepted Answer

A)   social facilitation.
B)   the mere exposure effect.
C)   normative social influence.
D)   the social-responsibility norm.

Question 10

The tragic murder of Kitty Genovese outside her New York apartment stimulated social-psychology research on

Accepted Answer

A)   altruism.
B)   the mere exposure effect.
C)   the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
D)   the effects of exposure to violent pornography.

Question 11

In Milgram's experiments, participants were torn between whether they should respond to the pleas of the ______ or the demands of the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   obedient role model; "teacher"
B)   "teacher"; "learner"
C)   "teacher"; defiant role model
D)   "learner"; experimenter

Question 12

The text indicates that the clusters of suicides that sometimes follow a highly publicized suicide may be the result of

Accepted Answer

A)   suggestibility.
B)   the bystander effect.
C)   deindividuation.
D)   social facilitation.

Question 13

An explanation of aggression in terms of instinct would have the most difficulty accounting for

Accepted Answer

A)   unexpected and unprovoked outbursts of aggression.
B)   wide cultural variations in aggressiveness.
C)   aggression that is accompanied by anger and hostility.
D)   the use of nuclear weapons to kill millions of unseen victims.

Question 14

Despite government warnings of a severe shortage of heating fuels, most citizens continue to turn up their home thermostats in the belief that their personal fuel consumption will have little effect on the country's total fuel reserves. This reaction best illustrates the dynamics of

Accepted Answer

A)   the bystander effect.
B)   the fundamental attribution error.
C)   the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
D)   a social trap.

Question 15

Sharing household chores ranks high on a list of things people associate with successful marriages. This best illustrates the perceived value of

Accepted Answer

A)   equity.
B)   proximity.
C)   passionate love.
D)   self-disclosure.

Question 16

Bullying younger children earns Diego the attention and respect of many classmates. As a result, his bullying behavior increases. This most clearly suggests that his aggression is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   reaction to frustration.
B)   instinctive behavior.
C)   learned response.
D)   product of deindividuation.

Question 17

Following the 9/11 terrorist attack on New York, people across the country donated their time and money to assist the devastated community. This behavior best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   altruism.
B)   deindividuation.
C)   the bystander effect.
D)   the just-world phenomenon.

Question 18

Solomon Asch reported that individuals conformed to a group's judgment of the lengths of lines

Accepted Answer

A)   only when the group was composed of at least six members.
B)   even when the group judgment was clearly incorrect.
C)   even when the group seemed uncertain and repeatedly altered its judgment.
D)   only when members of the group were friends prior to the experiment.

Question 19

The just-world phenomenon often leads people to

Accepted Answer

A)   dislike and distrust those who are wealthy.
B)   believe that victims of misfortune deserve to suffer.
C)   express higher levels of prejudice after suffering frustration.
D)   respond with kindness to those who mistreat them.

Question 20

Kelly, a Republican, and Carlos, a Democrat, both believe that members of their own political party are more fair-minded and trustworthy than members of other parties. Their beliefs best illustrate

Accepted Answer

A)   the two-factor theory.
B)   the just-world phenomenon.
C)   deindividuation.
D)   ingroup bias.

Exam 13: Personality

After Ravi lost the student election for president of his high school class, he spread false rumors intended to spoil the newly chosen president's reputation. Ravi's behavior is best explained in terms of the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Milgram's experiments, participants were torn between whether they should respond to the pleas of the ______ or the demands of the ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Despite government warnings of a severe shortage of heating fuels, most citizens continue to turn up their home thermostats in the belief that their personal fuel consumption will have little effect on the country's total fuel reserves. This reaction best illustrates the dynamics of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People tend to prefer a(n) ________ image of themselves, while their friends prefer a ________ version of them.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fernando's favorable attitude toward capital punishment began to change when he was asked to offer arguments opposing it in a university debate class. His attitude change is best explained by ________ theory.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Social scripts refers to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following BEST describes how GRIT works?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The just-world phenomenon often leads people to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An explanation of aggression in terms of instinct would have the most difficulty accounting for

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Kelly, a Republican, and Carlos, a Democrat, both believe that members of their own political party are more fair-minded and trustworthy than members of other parties. Their beliefs best illustrate

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is most likely to promote groupthink?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The tragic murder of Kitty Genovese outside her New York apartment stimulated social-psychology research on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After giving in to her friends' request that she drink alcohol with them, 16-year-old Jessica found that she couldn't resist the pressure they exerted on her to try cocaine. Her experience best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Solomon Asch reported that individuals conformed to a group's judgment of the lengths of lines

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Following the 9/11 terrorist attack on New York, people across the country donated their time and money to assist the devastated community. This behavior best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bullying younger children earns Diego the attention and respect of many classmates. As a result, his bullying behavior increases. This most clearly suggests that his aggression is a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sharing household chores ranks high on a list of things people associate with successful marriages. This best illustrates the perceived value of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most researchers agree that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The text indicates that the clusters of suicides that sometimes follow a highly publicized suicide may be the result of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To help people avoid social traps, psychologists should promote an increased awareness of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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In Milgram's experiments, participants were torn between whether they should respond to the pleas of the or the demands of the .

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People tend to prefer a(n) image of themselves, while their friends prefer a version of them.

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