Question 1

The scientific study of behavior without reference to mental processes was of special interest to

Accepted Answer

A)   Edward Titchener.
B)   William James.
C)   Sigmund Freud.
D)   B. F. Skinner.

Question 2

Which philosopher concluded that certain ideas were inborn?

Accepted Answer

A)   Aristotle
B)   Plato
C)   Wundt
D)   Watson

Question 3

Who would be most likely to agree with the statement, "Psychology is the science of mental life"?

Accepted Answer

A)   Wilhelm Wundt
B)   John Watson
C)   Ivan Pavlov
D)   virtually any American psychologist during the 1960s

Question 4

Ethical principles developed by psychologists urge investigators to

Accepted Answer

A)   avoid the use of animals in experimental research.
B)   minimize the use of the double-blind procedure with human research participants.
C)   treat information about individual research participants confidentially.
D)   avoid the use of financial incentives in any kind of research.

Question 5

Stacey suggests that because children are more impulsive than adults, they will have more difficulty controlling their anger. Stacey's prediction regarding anger management is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   a hypothesis.
B)   hindsight bias.
C)   an operational definition.
D)   the placebo effect.

Question 6

Akira believes that her son has become a good student because she frequently praises his learning efforts. Her belief best illustrates a ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

A)   behavior genetics
B)   neuroscience
C)   psychodynamic
D)   behavioral

Question 7

To learn about the TV viewing habits of all the children attending Oakbridge School, Professor DeVries randomly selected and interviewed 50 of the school's students. In this instance, all the children attending the school are considered to be a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   population.
B)   representative sample.
C)   independent variable.
D)   control condition.

Question 8

If psychologists discovered that people who live at the poverty level have more aggressive children than wealthy people, this would clearly indicate that

Accepted Answer

A)   poverty has a negative influence on children's behavior.
B)   the factors that lead to poverty also cause aggressive behavior.
C)   people's economic status and the aggressiveness of their children are negatively correlated.
D)   all of these statements are correct.

Question 9

The cognitive perspective in psychology focuses on how

Accepted Answer

A)   feelings are influenced by blood chemistry.
B)   people try to understand their own unconscious motives.
C)   behavior is influenced by environmental conditions.
D)   people encode, process, store, and retrieve information.

Question 10

The most effective way of assessing the impact of hormone replacement therapy on women's health is by means of

Accepted Answer

A)   case studies.
B)   experiments.
C)   correlational measurement.
D)   naturalistic observations.

Question 11

Political officials who have no doubt that their own economic and military predictions will come true most clearly demonstrate

Accepted Answer

A)   hindsight bias.
B)   random sampling.
C)   overconfidence.
D)   the placebo effect.

Question 12

Which of the following BEST describes the hindsight bias?

Accepted Answer

A)   Events seem more predictable before they have occurred.
B)   Events seem more predictable after they have occurred.
C)   A person's intuition is usually correct.
D)   A person's intuition is usually not correct.

Question 13

The case study is a research method in which

Accepted Answer

A)   a single individual is studied in great depth.
B)   a representative sample of people are questioned regarding their opinions or behaviors.
C)   organisms are carefully observed in a laboratory environment.
D)   an investigator manipulates one or more variables that might affect behavior.

Question 14

A factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiment is called a

Accepted Answer

A)   wording effect.
B)   correlation coefficient.
C)   placebo effect.
D)   confounding variable.

Question 15

Who was the American philosopher-psychologist who authored a textbook in 1890 for the emerging discipline of psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)   Wilhelm Wundt
B)   John B. Watson
C)   Sigmund Freud
D)   William James

Question 16

In drug-treatment studies, double-blind procedures minimize outcome differences between experimental and control conditions that could be attributed to

Accepted Answer

A)   replication.
B)   operational definitions.
C)   random sampling.
D)   placebo effects.

Question 17

Which method offers the most reliable way of assessing whether athletic performance is boosted by caffeine consumption?

Accepted Answer

A)   the survey
B)   the case study
C)   the experiment
D)   naturalistic observation

Question 18

Which research method runs the greatest risk of collecting evidence that may be unrepresentative of what is generally true?

Accepted Answer

A)   naturalistic observation
B)   the case study
C)   experimentation
D)   the survey

Question 19

The American Psychological Association's ethics code urges investigators to

Accepted Answer

A)   avoid the use of monetary incentives in recruiting people to participate in research.
B)   forewarn potential research participants of the exact hypotheses that the research will test.
C)   avoid the manipulation of independent variables in research involving human participants.
D)   explain the research to the participants after the study has been completed.

Question 20

The explanatory power of a scientific theory is most closely linked to its capacity to generate testable

Accepted Answer

A)   assumptions.
B)   correlations.
C)   predictions.
D)   variables.

Exam 1: Thinking Critically With Psychological Science

In drug-treatment studies, double-blind procedures minimize outcome differences between experimental and control conditions that could be attributed to

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Which of the following BEST describes the hindsight bias?

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The American Psychological Association's ethics code urges investigators to

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The explanatory power of a scientific theory is most closely linked to its capacity to generate testable

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To learn about the TV viewing habits of all the children attending Oakbridge School, Professor DeVries randomly selected and interviewed 50 of the school's students. In this instance, all the children attending the school are considered to be a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Stacey suggests that because children are more impulsive than adults, they will have more difficulty controlling their anger. Stacey's prediction regarding anger management is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The scientific study of behavior without reference to mental processes was of special interest to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The cognitive perspective in psychology focuses on how

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which philosopher concluded that certain ideas were inborn?

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Who was the American philosopher-psychologist who authored a textbook in 1890 for the emerging discipline of psychology?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The case study is a research method in which

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Ethical principles developed by psychologists urge investigators to

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Which method offers the most reliable way of assessing whether athletic performance is boosted by caffeine consumption?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Who would be most likely to agree with the statement, "Psychology is the science of mental life"?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If psychologists discovered that people who live at the poverty level have more aggressive children than wealthy people, this would clearly indicate that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiment is called a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most effective way of assessing the impact of hormone replacement therapy on women's health is by means of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Akira believes that her son has become a good student because she frequently praises his learning efforts. Her belief best illustrates a ________ perspective.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Political officials who have no doubt that their own economic and military predictions will come true most clearly demonstrate

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which research method runs the greatest risk of collecting evidence that may be unrepresentative of what is generally true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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