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When Polaroid comes out with a new model in a series, it sets an initial price and then gradually lowers the price. Polaroid is initially using which pricing strategy?


A) Penetration pricing
B) Prestige pricing
C) Price lining
D) Premium pricing
E) Price skimming

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The stage in the evolution of new products in which ideas that match company objectives are analyzed as to whether the firm has the required expertise for the product's development and marketing is called


A) exploration.
B) test marketing.
C) screening.
D) product development.
E) business analysis.

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Appliances, men's suits, and ____ are examples of shopping products.


A) bicycles
B) process materials
C) chewing gum
D) soft drinks
E) cranes

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Multiple-unit pricing is packaging together two or more complementary products and selling them for a single price.

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The presentation of information on a product or its package is known as


A) branding.
B) labeling.
C) guaranteeing.
D) informing.
E) product coding.

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For any product, the breakeven quantity is the


A) number sold over fifty units.
B) number sold such that costs equal revenues.
C) total number produced to equal the total resources available to the producer.
D) number of products needed to be sold in order to make a reasonable profit.
E) dollar volume of total sales.

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​Fernand's Fabrics has a large inventory of fabric for home crafters and seamstresses but carries very few craft supplies and is finding it difficult to compete with the large chain fabric stores as a result. In order to bring more customers into the store, Fernand lowers the price of fabric below his cost for a month, hoping that once customers come to his store, they will return. This is called ___ pricing.


A) ​survival
B) ​competitive
C) ​profit maximization
D) investment

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A product mix is a combination of all the information a producer uses to sell its product to the public.

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Describe the three major pricing methods that firms employ.

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Cost-based pricing is the simplest metho...

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When price helps Josh decide to purchase a Chevrolet Cavalier instead of a Mercedes because he also wants a Harley-Davidson motorcycle, price serves the function of


A) demander.
B) decision maker.
C) facilitator.
D) intermediation.
E) allocator.

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General Mills has been able to extend the life of Bisquick baking mix by


A) significantly improving the product's formulation.
B) providing good customer service.
C) including recipes in the box.
D) improved advertising.
E) using personal selling.

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Costs that depend on the number of units produced are called variable costs.

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The redesign of a bicycle to improve its safety is an example of a(n) ____ modification.


A) visual
B) functional
C) quality
D) aesthetic
E) texture

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Brands help reduce a consumer's perceived risk of purchase.

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Price leaders


A) are sold at the highest possible price.
B) maximize profits.
C) lead to increased revenue or lower costs when prices are increased or decreased.
D) are sometimes sold at less than cost in hopes that sales of other products will increase.
E) lead the industry in sales.

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Raw materials are an example of a firm's ____ costs.


A) selling
B) operating
C) fixed
D) overhead
E) variable

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For product modification to be effective, all but which of the following conditions must be met?


A) The modification should make the product more consistent with consumers' desires.
B) The product must be modifiable.
C) Consumers must be able to perceive that a modification has been made.
D) Modification should allow the product to provide greater satisfaction.
E) The product must be an appliance.

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Candy bars, milk, and newspapers are all examples of convenience products.

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Why should companies develop and introduce new products?


A) To keep their product designers busy
B) Because failing to do so can threaten the future success of the firm
C) Because it is relatively inexpensive and therefore worth the time
D) To replace deleted products so the broadness of the marketing mix remains unchanged
E) Because new products are almost always successful

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If a customer has moderate loyalty toward Heinz ketchup, she likely will


A) buy the product in greater quantities.
B) shop around for the best price for that good.
C) perceive the product as having the same quality level as competitive brands.
D) never buy another brand of ketchup.
E) purchase other products that carry the Heinz name.

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