Question 1

The figure below shows the results of interrupted-mating experiments with three different Hfr strains.What is the order of the genes, starting with C?

Accepted Answer

A)  C, G, A, D, F, B, E
B)  C, F, D, B, A, E, G
C)  C, B, E, D, F, G, A
D)  C, G, A, B, E, D, F
E)  C, D, F, G, A, B, E

Question 2

_____ solidifies when cooled and provides a solid, gel-like base for bacterial growth.

Accepted Answer

A)  Broth
B)  Agar
C)  Colony
D)  Liquid
E)  Velvet

Question 3

A clear patch of lysed cells on a bacterial agar plate that indicates lytic phage reproduction is called a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)  plaque.
B)  transformation.
C)  prophage.
D)  oncogene.
E)  provirus.

Question 4

Bacterial cells containing an F plasmid that has acquired bacterial chromosomal genes are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  F+.
B)  F'.
C)  F-.
D)  Hfr.
E)  Hfr+.

Question 5

Which of the following gene transfer mechanisms would specifically use time as a basic unit of mapping?

Accepted Answer

A)  Transformation
B)  Crossing over
C)  Transduction
D)  Conjugation
E)  Recombination

Question 6

Outline the steps involved in mapping a bacterial chromosome by cotransformation.

Accepted Answer

(1)A donor strain is chosen that has a n...

Question 7

What is the result of conjugation between F' and F- cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  One F+ cells
B)  Two F' cells
C)  Two F+ cells
D)  One Hfr and one F- cells
E)  Two Hfr cells

Question 8

Which of the following facts would NOT be considered as an advantage for using bacteria and viruses for genetic studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rapid reproduction and high progeny number
B)  Haploid genome for expressing mutations
C)  Complete absence of recombination, which maintains the integrity of genome
D)  Low cost to maintain and little storage space required
E)  Genomes being small and readily subjected to genetic manipulation

Question 9

How are Hfr strains of bacteria different from F+ strains?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cells of Hfr strains are able to transfer chromosomal genes, whereas cells of F+ strains cannot.
B)  Cells of Hfr strains cannot initiate conjugation with F- cells.
C)  The F factor is integrated into the bacterial chromosome in all or most cells of an Hfr strain but in only a few cells in an F+ strain.
D)  Cells of Hfr strains carry F' plasmids, whereas F+ cells do not.
E)  Cells of Hfr strains can initiate conjugation with F+ cells or other Hfr cells.

Question 10

_____ is used to isolate mutant bacterial strains on the basis of their nutritional requirements.

Accepted Answer

A)  Autoclaving
B)  Complete medium
C)  Replica plating
D)  Karyotyping
E)  Conjugation

Question 11

Which type of transduction is used to map distances between phage genes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Generalized transduction
B)  Specialized transduction
C)  Targeted transduction
D)  Random transduction
E)  Discontinuous transduction

Question 12

A high concentration of bacteria used to produce a continuous layer on an agar plate is called a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)  bacterial lawn.
B)  colony.
C)  virus.
D)  integrase.
E)  plaque.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about bacterial genome is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  All bacteria contain a single circular double-stranded DNA as their genome.
B)  Some bacteria may have linear chromosomes instead of circular.
C)  In addition to chromosomes, many bacteria possess small extrachromosomal DNA called plasmids.
D)  Each plasmid contains an origin of replication that allows independent replication for its maintenance.
E)  The F factor, which is important for bacterial conjugation, is found as a circular episome of E.coli.

Question 14

What causes an F- cell to be converted to F+?

Accepted Answer

The F factor plasmid in an F⁺ c...

Question 15

leu- bacteria are mixed in a flask with leu+ bacteria, and soon all bacteria are leu+.However, if the leu- cells are on one side of a U-tube and the leu+ cells are on the other, the leu- cells do not become prototrophic.Which process is likely to produce this observed result?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conjugation
B)  Transduction
C)  Transformation
D)  Reciprocal translocation
E)  Transfection

Question 16

The transfer of DNA from a donor cell to a recipient cell through a cytoplasmic connection is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  transformation.
B)  transduction.
C)  lysogenic cycle.
D)  lytic cycle.
E)  conjugation.

Question 17

What is the difference between specialized and generalized transduction?

Accepted Answer

Generalized transduction trans...

Question 18

Joshua Lederberg and Edward Tatum conducted experiments with two auxotrophic strains of E.coli.The Y20 strain had the genotype thr- leu- thi- bio+ phe+ cys+, and the Y24 strain had the genotype thr+ leu+ thi+ bio- phe- cys-.Which of the following procedures would produce growth of bacterial colonies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spread the Y20 strain on minimal medium agar plates.
B)  Spread the Y24 strain on minimal medium agar plates.
C)  Boil the Y20 strain, and spread it on minimal medium agar plates.
D)  Boil the Y24 strain, and spread it on minimal medium agar plates.
E)  Mix the Y20 and Y24 strains together, and spread it on minimal medium agar plates.

Question 19

(a)Explain the mechanism that leads to rapid evolution of the virus that causes influenza.(b)Distinguish between antigenic drift and antigenic shift, and explain the significance of each to influenza evolution and the occurrence of influenza in humans.

Accepted Answer

(a)The enzyme that copies the RNA genome...

Question 20

Two phage phenotypes are controlled by the genes a and b.In a mapping experiment, a culture of bacteria is infected simultaneously with an a-b+ strain and an a+b- strain.When plaques are analyzed, 5 out of 1000 have the a+b+ or a-b- phenotype.Based on the information, how far apart are genes a and b?

Accepted Answer

Exam 7: Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems

Bacterial cells containing an F plasmid that has acquired bacterial chromosomal genes are called:

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following gene transfer mechanisms would specifically use time as a basic unit of mapping?

Correct Answer
verified

What causes an F^- cell to be converted to F⁺?

Correct Answer
verified
The F factor plasmid in an F⁺ c...
View Answer

How are Hfr strains of bacteria different from F⁺ strains?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The figure below shows the results of interrupted-mating experiments with three different Hfr strains.What is the order of the genes, starting with C?

Correct Answer
verified

A clear patch of lysed cells on a bacterial agar plate that indicates lytic phage reproduction is called a(n) :

Correct Answer
verified

leu^- bacteria are mixed in a flask with leu⁺ bacteria, and soon all bacteria are leu⁺.However, if the leu^- cells are on one side of a U-tube and the leu⁺ cells are on the other, the leu^- cells do not become prototrophic.Which process is likely to produce this observed result?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the result of conjugation between F' and F^- cells?

Correct Answer
verified

The transfer of DNA from a donor cell to a recipient cell through a cytoplasmic connection is called:

Correct Answer
verified

Which type of transduction is used to map distances between phage genes?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following facts would NOT be considered as an advantage for using bacteria and viruses for genetic studies?

Correct Answer
verified

_____ solidifies when cooled and provides a solid, gel-like base for bacterial growth.

Correct Answer
verified

Outline the steps involved in mapping a bacterial chromosome by cotransformation.

Correct Answer
verified
(1)A donor strain is chosen that has a n...
View Answer

(a)Explain the mechanism that leads to rapid evolution of the virus that causes influenza.(b)Distinguish between antigenic drift and antigenic shift, and explain the significance of each to influenza evolution and the occurrence of influenza in humans.

Correct Answer
verified
(a)The enzyme that copies the RNA genome...
View Answer

A high concentration of bacteria used to produce a continuous layer on an agar plate is called a(n) :

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements about bacterial genome is NOT true?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the difference between specialized and generalized transduction?

Correct Answer
verified
Generalized transduction trans...
View Answer

_____ is used to isolate mutant bacterial strains on the basis of their nutritional requirements.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 7: Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems

Bacterial cells containing an F plasmid that has acquired bacterial chromosomal genes are called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following gene transfer mechanisms would specifically use time as a basic unit of mapping?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What causes an F- cell to be converted to F+?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe F factor plasmid in an F+ c...View AnswerShow Answer

How are Hfr strains of bacteria different from F+ strains?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The figure below shows the results of interrupted-mating experiments with three different Hfr strains.What is the order of the genes, starting with C?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A clear patch of lysed cells on a bacterial agar plate that indicates lytic phage reproduction is called a(n) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

leu- bacteria are mixed in a flask with leu+ bacteria, and soon all bacteria are leu+.However, if the leu- cells are on one side of a U-tube and the leu+ cells are on the other, the leu- cells do not become prototrophic.Which process is likely to produce this observed result?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the result of conjugation between F' and F- cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The transfer of DNA from a donor cell to a recipient cell through a cytoplasmic connection is called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which type of transduction is used to map distances between phage genes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following facts would NOT be considered as an advantage for using bacteria and viruses for genetic studies?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ solidifies when cooled and provides a solid, gel-like base for bacterial growth.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Outline the steps involved in mapping a bacterial chromosome by cotransformation.

Correct Answerverified(1)A donor strain is chosen that has a n...View AnswerShow Answer

(a)Explain the mechanism that leads to rapid evolution of the virus that causes influenza.(b)Distinguish between antigenic drift and antigenic shift, and explain the significance of each to influenza evolution and the occurrence of influenza in humans.

Correct Answerverified(a)The enzyme that copies the RNA genome...View AnswerShow Answer

A high concentration of bacteria used to produce a continuous layer on an agar plate is called a(n) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about bacterial genome is NOT true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the difference between specialized and generalized transduction?

Correct AnswerverifiedGeneralized transduction trans...View AnswerShow Answer

_____ is used to isolate mutant bacterial strains on the basis of their nutritional requirements.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

What causes an F^- cell to be converted to F⁺?

Correct Answer
verified
The F factor plasmid in an F⁺ c...
View Answer

How are Hfr strains of bacteria different from F⁺ strains?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

leu^- bacteria are mixed in a flask with leu⁺ bacteria, and soon all bacteria are leu⁺.However, if the leu^- cells are on one side of a U-tube and the leu⁺ cells are on the other, the leu^- cells do not become prototrophic.Which process is likely to produce this observed result?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the result of conjugation between F' and F^- cells?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
(1)A donor strain is chosen that has a n...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
(a)The enzyme that copies the RNA genome...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Generalized transduction trans...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified