Question 1

Which of the following statements describes the "wobble" rules CORRECTLY?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is a flexible pairing between tRNA and amino acid as there are more tRNAs than the number of amino acids.
B)  The number of the genetic code exceeds the number of amino acids available in the cell.
C)  There are multiple tRNAs that may bind to the same amino acids.
D)  There are multiple codons that may code for the same amino acids.
E)  The third base pairing between the tRNA and mRNA is relaxed.

Question 2

If the bottom strand of the DNA from the diagram above serves as the template strand, the RNA sequence, left to right 5' to 3', is:

Accepted Answer

A)  AUAGGCAGU.
B)  UCCCAGGUG.
C)  CACCUGGGA.
D)  AGGGUCCAC.
E)  GACAUUAGA.

Question 3

A tRNA anticodon is 3'-GCU-5'.What amino acid does it carry?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ala
B)  Arg
C)  Ser
D)  Pro
E)  Thr

Question 4

An anticodon would be found on which of these molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amino acid
B)  mRNA
C)  DNA
D)  tRNA
E)  rRNA

Question 5

A yeast strain was exposed to a chemical mutagen.As expected, exposure to the mutagen resulted in DNA sequence change in an essential gene you examined.Yet, this mutation did not result in any lethal phenotype.How could you explain this apparent discrepancy?

Accepted Answer

The DNA sequence change occurred in a sy...

Question 6

Is the below sequence RNA or DNA? How can you tell?
5' ...GGAGCUCGUUGUAUU...3'

Accepted Answer

It is RNA because it contains the nitrogenous base uracil (U), and does not contain thymine(T).

Question 7

This DNA sequence represents an open reading frame (ORF)of a transcriptional unit.Transcribe and then translate this gene in the spaces provided below.
5' ATGGGAGCTCGTTGTATTTGA 3'
3' TACCCTCGAGCAACATAAACT 5'

Accepted Answer

(a)Transcribed mRNA sequence: ...

Question 8

The function of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  transcribe tRNA genes.
B)  match tRNA anticodons and mRNA codons at the ribosome.
C)  attach appropriate amino acids to corresponding tRNAs.
D)  form the peptide bond between amino acids at the ribosome.
E)  synthesize and transport amino acids to the ribosomes.

Question 9

The genetic code is said to be "degenerate" because:

Accepted Answer

A)  there are more codons than amino acids.
B)  there are more amino acids than codons.
C)  different organisms use different codons to encode the same amino acid.
D)  some codons specify more than one amino acid.
E)  there are more tRNAs than amino acids.

Question 10

Although the genetic code is nearly universal, some variations do exist.In vertebrate mitochondria, UGA codes for Trp (instead of termination), AUA codes for Met (instead of Ile), and AGA and AGG are stop codons (instead of coding for Arg).Translate the following coding strand DNA sequences using both the standard code and the vertebrate mitochondrial code.
a.5' ATGGCCATAAGATGA 3'
b.5' ATGGGGGATCGCTAA 3'
c.5' ATGTGATGGCATCTTATAAATTGATAA 3'

Accepted Answer

a.Standard: MET-ALA-ILE-ARG; m...

Question 11

During initiation of translation:

Accepted Answer

A)  the initiator tRNAmet binds to the A site of a ribosome.
B)  specific rRNA base pairs with a sequence in mRNA to position a ribosome at the start codon.
C)  IF-3 must be recruited to the 30S ribosome in order for the 70S initiation complex to assemble.
D)  there is no energy expenditure as the tRNA binding to mRNA is via complementary base pairing.
E)  both 70S and 30S ribosome subunits must simultaneously recognize an mRNA to bind.

Question 12

Which of the following codons is often used as an initiation codon?

Accepted Answer

A)  UUU
B)  UUA
C)  AUU
D)  AUG
E)  AUC

Question 13

Process 2 represents:

Accepted Answer

A)  replication.
B)  transcription.
C)  translation.
D)  RNA processing.
E)  RNA interference. C

Question 14

Compute how many (different) nucleotide sequences can encode the following tri-peptide, VAL-GLY-ARG?

Accepted Answer

A)  14
B)  24
C)  48
D)  64
E)  96

Question 15

An mRNA has the stop codon 5'UAA 3'.What tRNA anticodon will bind to it?

Accepted Answer

A)  5' ATT 3'
B)  5'AUC 3'
C)  5'ACU 3'
D)  5' UUA 3'
E)  None

Question 16

A bacterial protein is encoded by the following mRNA sequence: 5'-AUGGUGCUCAUGCCCTAA-3'
The second methionine codon (AUG) in this mRNA sequence will:

Accepted Answer

A)  serve as the initiation codon.
B)  encode N-formylmethionine.
C)  encode methionine that will eventually be removed.
D)  encode unformylated methionine.
E)  be skipped as the translation progresses.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about translation is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  A special tRNA that does not have an attached amino acid binds to stop codons to terminate translation.
B)  The first three bases at the 5'end of an mRNA are the AUG at which translation begins.
C)  The codon for methionine appears only at the beginning of the mRNA for a protein, not in the middle or in the end.
D)  In eukaryotes, the 5' cap and the 3' poly(
A)  tail are involved in translation initiation.
E)  Ribosomes move along an mRNA in the 3'to 5' direction.

Question 18

Which amino acid is encoded by four synonymous codons?

Accepted Answer

A)  MET
B)  VAL
C)  PHE
D)  CYS
E)  ILE B

Question 19

The next step in the translation of this mRNA will be the formation of a peptide bond between which two amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amino acid 2 and amino acid 3
B)  Amino acid 2 and amino acid 4
C)  Amino acid 1 and amino acid 3
D)  Amino acid 1 and amino acid 2
E)  Amino acid 3 and amino acid 4

Question 20

To translate an mRNA requires two other types of RNA.These are:

Accepted Answer

A)  tRNA and mRNA.
B)  tRNA and miRNA.
C)  tRNA and rRNA.
D)  rRNA and siRNA.
E)  snRNA and snoRNA.

Exam 11: From DNA to Protein- Translation

Which of the following statements describes the "wobble" rules CORRECTLY?

Correct Answer
verified

If the bottom strand of the DNA from the diagram above serves as the template strand, the RNA sequence, left to right 5' to 3', is:

Correct Answer
verified

A tRNA anticodon is 3'-GCU-5'.What amino acid does it carry?

Correct Answer
verified

An anticodon would be found on which of these molecules?

Correct Answer
verified

A yeast strain was exposed to a chemical mutagen.As expected, exposure to the mutagen resulted in DNA sequence change in an essential gene you examined.Yet, this mutation did not result in any lethal phenotype.How could you explain this apparent discrepancy?

Correct Answer
verified
The DNA sequence change occurred in a sy...
View Answer

Is the below sequence RNA or DNA? How can you tell? 5' ...GGAGCUCGUUGUAUU...3'

Correct Answer
verified
It is RNA because it contains the nitrogenous base uracil (U), and does not contain thymine(T).

This DNA sequence represents an open reading frame (ORF)of a transcriptional unit.Transcribe and then translate this gene in the spaces provided below. 5' ATGGGAGCTCGTTGTATTTGA 3' 3' TACCCTCGAGCAACATAAACT 5'

Correct Answer
verified
(a)Transcribed mRNA sequence: ...
View Answer

The function of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases is to:

Correct Answer
verified

The genetic code is said to be "degenerate" because:

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
a.Standard: MET-ALA-ILE-ARG; m...
View Answer

During initiation of translation:

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following codons is often used as an initiation codon?

Correct Answer
verified

Process 2 represents:

Correct Answer
verified
C

Compute how many (different) nucleotide sequences can encode the following tri-peptide, VAL-GLY-ARG?

Correct Answer
verified

An mRNA has the stop codon 5'UAA 3'.What tRNA anticodon will bind to it?

Correct Answer
verified

A bacterial protein is encoded by the following mRNA sequence: 5'-AUGGUGCUCAUGCCCTAA-3' The second methionine codon (AUG) in this mRNA sequence will:

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements about translation is CORRECT?

Correct Answer
verified

Which amino acid is encoded by four synonymous codons?

Correct Answer
verified
B

The next step in the translation of this mRNA will be the formation of a peptide bond between which two amino acids?

Correct Answer
verified

To translate an mRNA requires two other types of RNA.These are:

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 11: From DNA to Protein- Translation

Which of the following statements describes the "wobble" rules CORRECTLY?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the bottom strand of the DNA from the diagram above serves as the template strand, the RNA sequence, left to right 5' to 3', is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A tRNA anticodon is 3'-GCU-5'.What amino acid does it carry?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An anticodon would be found on which of these molecules?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A yeast strain was exposed to a chemical mutagen.As expected, exposure to the mutagen resulted in DNA sequence change in an essential gene you examined.Yet, this mutation did not result in any lethal phenotype.How could you explain this apparent discrepancy?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe DNA sequence change occurred in a sy...View AnswerShow Answer

Is the below sequence RNA or DNA? How can you tell? 5' ...GGAGCUCGUUGUAUU...3'

Correct AnswerverifiedIt is RNA because it contains the nitrogenous base uracil (U), and does not contain thymine(T).

This DNA sequence represents an open reading frame (ORF)of a transcriptional unit.Transcribe and then translate this gene in the spaces provided below. 5' ATGGGAGCTCGTTGTATTTGA 3' 3' TACCCTCGAGCAACATAAACT 5'

Correct Answerverified(a)Transcribed mRNA sequence: ...View AnswerShow Answer

The function of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases is to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The genetic code is said to be "degenerate" because:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answerverifieda.Standard: MET-ALA-ILE-ARG; m...View AnswerShow Answer

During initiation of translation:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following codons is often used as an initiation codon?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Process 2 represents:

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Compute how many (different) nucleotide sequences can encode the following tri-peptide, VAL-GLY-ARG?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An mRNA has the stop codon 5'UAA 3'.What tRNA anticodon will bind to it?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A bacterial protein is encoded by the following mRNA sequence: 5'-AUGGUGCUCAUGCCCTAA-3' The second methionine codon (AUG) in this mRNA sequence will:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about translation is CORRECT?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which amino acid is encoded by four synonymous codons?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

The next step in the translation of this mRNA will be the formation of a peptide bond between which two amino acids?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To translate an mRNA requires two other types of RNA.These are:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
The DNA sequence change occurred in a sy...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
It is RNA because it contains the nitrogenous base uracil (U), and does not contain thymine(T).

Correct Answer
verified
(a)Transcribed mRNA sequence: ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
a.Standard: MET-ALA-ILE-ARG; m...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
C

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
B

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified