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Sucrose is a disaccharide.

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State whether each of these structures is the α- or β-form. -State whether each of these structures is the α- or β-form. -

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One difference between D-glucose and L-glucose is


A) the open-chain form of L-glucose does not exist.
B) it is not possible to make L-glucose.
C) L-glucose has a 5-membered ring , and D-glucose has a 6-membered ring.
D) only D-glucose is found in disaccharides and polysaccharides.
E) L-glucose cannot form a closed structure.

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Galactose has the structure shown below. Which anomer is shown? Galactose has the structure shown below. Which anomer is shown? A) the α anomer B) the β anomer C) the D anomer D) the L anomer E) none of the above


A) the α anomer
B) the β anomer
C) the D anomer
D) the L anomer
E) none of the above

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Galactose is a disaccharide.

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The iodine test is used to detect the presence of a reducing sugar.

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Sucrose is made up of glucose units only.

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Identify each Fischer projection as the D- or L-isomer. -Identify each Fischer projection as the D- or L-isomer. -

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Ribulose has the following structural formula. To what carbohydrate class does ribulose belong? CH₂OH ∣ C =O ∣ H - C - OH ∣ H - C - OH ∣ CH₂OH


A) aldotetrose
B) aldopentose
C) ketotetrose
D) ketopentose
E) ketohexose

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A glycosidic bond between two monosaccharides can also be classified as a(n)


A) double bond.
B) ester bond.
C) ether bond.
D) achiral bond.
E) alcohol bond.

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In a disaccharide, two monosaccharides are joined by what kind of bond?


A) double
B) anomeric
C) alcohol
D) glycosidic
E) rotational

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The breakdown of glucose to chemical energy for the cells to do work is an example of


A) oxidation.
B) respiration.
C) reduction.
D) anabolism.
E) mutarotation.

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Which of the following is an example of an aldopentose?


A) Which of the following is an example of an aldopentose? A) B) C) D) E)
B) Which of the following is an example of an aldopentose? A) B) C) D) E)
C) Which of the following is an example of an aldopentose? A) B) C) D) E)
D) Which of the following is an example of an aldopentose? A) B) C) D) E)
E) Which of the following is an example of an aldopentose? A) B) C) D) E)

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In the α anomer of glucose, the OH on carbon 1 is above the plane of the ring.

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A reducing sugar gives a precipitate of silver metal with Benedict's reagent.

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Galactose has the structure shown below. It can be classified as a(n) Galactose has the structure shown below. It can be classified as a(n) A) ribose. B) ketose. C) disaccharide. D) monosaccharide. E) ketone.


A) ribose.
B) ketose.
C) disaccharide.
D) monosaccharide.
E) ketone.

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Galactose is a product of enzymatic hydrolysis of


A) lactose.
B) glucose.
C) maltose.
D) erythrose.
E) sucrose.

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Which Fischer projection is the mirror image of the structure given below? Which Fischer projection is the mirror image of the structure given below? A) \begin{array} { c } \mathrm { Br } \\ \mathrm { | } \\ \mathrm { HO } - \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \\ \mathrm { || } \\ \mathrm { Cl } \end{array} B) \quad \quad \mathrm { Br } \quad \quad | \mathrm { Cl } - \mathrm { OH } \quad \quad | \quad \quad \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } C) D) E)


A) Br∣HO−CH3∣∣Cl\begin{array} { c } \mathrm { Br } \\\mathrm { | } \\\mathrm { HO } - \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \\ \mathrm { || } \\\mathrm { Cl }\end{array}
B) \quad \quad Br\mathrm { Br }
\quad \quad |
Cl−OH\mathrm { Cl } - \mathrm { OH }
\quad \quad |
\quad \quad CH3\mathrm { CH } _ { 3 }
C) Which Fischer projection is the mirror image of the structure given below? A) \begin{array} { c } \mathrm { Br } \\ \mathrm { | } \\ \mathrm { HO } - \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \\ \mathrm { || } \\ \mathrm { Cl } \end{array} B) \quad \quad \mathrm { Br } \quad \quad | \mathrm { Cl } - \mathrm { OH } \quad \quad | \quad \quad \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } C) D) E)
D) Which Fischer projection is the mirror image of the structure given below? A) \begin{array} { c } \mathrm { Br } \\ \mathrm { | } \\ \mathrm { HO } - \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \\ \mathrm { || } \\ \mathrm { Cl } \end{array} B) \quad \quad \mathrm { Br } \quad \quad | \mathrm { Cl } - \mathrm { OH } \quad \quad | \quad \quad \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } C) D) E)
E) Which Fischer projection is the mirror image of the structure given below? A) \begin{array} { c } \mathrm { Br } \\ \mathrm { | } \\ \mathrm { HO } - \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \\ \mathrm { || } \\ \mathrm { Cl } \end{array} B) \quad \quad \mathrm { Br } \quad \quad | \mathrm { Cl } - \mathrm { OH } \quad \quad | \quad \quad \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } C) D) E)

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Under acid hydrolysis conditions, starch is converted to


A) glucose.
B) xylose.
C) maltose.
D) galactose.
E) fructose.

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Galactosemia is the name of a metabolic disorder. In this disorder, an enzyme is missing that is needed to


A) make galactose from lactose.
B) make lactose from galactose.
C) convert galactose to glycogen.
D) convert galactose to glucose.
E) convert α-galactose to β-galactose.

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