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Planning is the process of deciding how to what you want to accomplish and how to do it.

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Advantages of MBO include focusing the work efforts of subordinates/team members on the most important tasks and objectives,and the work efforts of the supervisor/team leader on areas of support that can help subordinates/team members meet agreed-upon objectives.

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When a university issues a statement that it "… will not tolerate sexual harassment in relation to the evaluation of employee or student performance …," a __________ plan in the form of an organizational __________ is being communicated.


A) Single-use … procedure.
B) Standing-use … rule.
C) Standing … procedure.
D) Single-use … policy.
E) Standing … policy.

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On those jobs where performance is difficult to quantify,performance objectives can be stated as verifiable work activities.

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Planning facilitates control by defining the objectives and using specialization to motivate workers.

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Which of the following statements about contingency planning is FALSE?


A) Contingency planning occurs when planners decide the future will be identical to the past.
B) Contingency planning anticipates events that may occur in the future.
C) Contingency planning specifies different courses of action under different conditions.
D) Contingency planning focuses on early identification of possible shifts in future events.
E) Contingency planning contains trigger points that indicate when preselected alternative plans should be activated.

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Rules or procedures describe exactly what actions are to be taken in specific situations.

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Contingency planning does not specify different courses of action under different conditions.

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Which of the following statements about flexibility is/are correct?


A) An organization with flexibility is willing and able to change and adapt.
B) An organization with flexibility operates with an orientation toward the future.
C) An individual with flexibility adjusts career plans to fit new and developing opportunities.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.

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When plans are coordinated among the various systems and components of the organization,there is less likelihood that multiple accomplishments will add up to the desired results for the organization as a whole.

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Scenario planning involves identifying alternative future states of affairs that may occur and then developing plans to deal with each case should it actually occur.

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A __________ budget is defined as one that allocates a fixed amount of resources for a specific purpose.


A) Fixed.
B) Flexible.
C) Zero-based.
D) Contingency.
E) Comprehensive.

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Which of the following statements best distinguishes between procedures and policies?


A) Procedures help obtain organizational objectives;policies do not.
B) Procedures present a plan of action for specific situations;policies are broad guidelines.
C) A procedure is a single-use plan;a policy is a standing plan.
D) Procedures guide ethics;policies guide fair employment.
E) A procedure is a standing-use plan;a policy is a single-use plan.

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Planning that identifies alternative courses of action that can be implemented to meet the needs of changing circumstances is called __________.


A) Formal planning.
B) Contingency planning.
C) Just-in-time planning.
D) Problem solving.
E) Just-in-case planning.

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When a project or activity is budgeted in each new budget period as if it were brand new,an) __________ budgeting approach is being used.


A) Fixed.
B) Flexible.
C) Zero-based.
D) Contingency.
E) Operational.

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A means-ends chain is also known as a __________.


A) Hierarchy of authority.
B) Hierarchy of objectives.
C) Control system.
D) Responsibility structure.
E) Zero-based budget.

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Management by objectives MBO)is a structured process of regular communication in which a supervisor/team leader and subordinates/team members jointly set performance objectives and review results accomplished.

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Good time management involves prioritizing your work,screening calls and emails,and saying "no" to distracting requests.

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Budgets are single-use plans that commit resources to activities,projects,or programs.

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According to Covey,good planning helps an organization to be:


A) Priority oriented,results oriented,advantage oriented,change oriented
B) Priority oriented,results oriented,strategy oriented,tactically oriented
C) Advantage oriented,change oriented,task oriented,control oriented
D) Advantage oriented,change oriented,strategy oriented,results oriented
E) Advantage oriented,change oriented,strategy oriented,decision oriented

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