Question 1

Bacterial species that live entirely inside eukaryotic cells have deletions of genes for the synthesis of molecules that can be taken in from the host cell. This finding implies that the deletions are:

Accepted Answer

A)  based on the needs of the organism, and these genes are not needed.
B)  random, but that those that delete unneeded genes are not deleterious.
C)  unlikely to have happened by chance.
D)  induced by mutagens present inside the host cell.

Question 2

A chemical agent that interferes with DNA repair may be considered a mutagen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Some people with blue eyes have a small sector of one eye that is brown. What kind of mutation could cause this color difference?

Accepted Answer

A)  a somatic mutation in germ-line cells
B)  a somatic mutation very early in development
C)  a somatic mutation late in development
D)  a germ-line mutation

Question 4

DNA ligase is responsible for repairing thymine dimers caused by UV light.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

In bacteria, many transposable elements are able to regulate their own transposition in such a way that the probability of transposition decreases as the number of copies of the transposon in a cell increases. If a transposon invades a bacterial cell that does not currently have any transposons, and then increases in copy number as the cell divides, what curve below would BEST depict the increase in copy number of such a self-regulating transposon?

Accepted Answer

A)  curve M
B)  curve H
C)  curve K
D)  curve L
E)  curve Q

Question 6

A point mutation that causes an amino acid replacement is called a:

Accepted Answer

A)  synonymous (silent) mutation.
B)  nonsynonymous (missense) mutation.
C)  nonsense mutation.
D)  stop mutation.
E)  transition mutation.

Question 7

Which of the following point mutations is unlikely to change a protein's ability to function?

Accepted Answer

A)  one that occurs in a noncoding region of DNA
B)  one that creates a new codon code for the same amino acid as the original codon
C)  one that occurs in somatic cells
D)  one that creates a new codon that codes for an amino acid of the same size as that coded for by the original codon
E)  one that occurs in germ cells

Question 8

In general, which is less harmful, a duplication or deletion?

Accepted Answer

A)  duplication
B)  deletion

Question 9

In eukaryotic organisms with large genomes, the usual reason that many inversion breakpoints do not disrupt genes is because the breaks occur in:

Accepted Answer

A)  the telomeres.
B)  the centromere.
C)  the nucleolus.
D)  noncoding DNA.
E)  All of these choices are correct.

Question 10

Large chromosomal inversions can cause problems in which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  meiosis
B)  mismatch repair
C)  reciprocal translocation
D)  mitosis
E)  None of the answer options is correct.

Question 11

Any mutation that increases the risk of disease in an individual is known as a:

Accepted Answer

A)  transmission mutation.
B)  somatic mutation.
C)  genetic load.
D)  genetic risk factor.
E)  predisposition factor.

Question 12

Which of the following mutations would MOST likely have the most severe consequence?

Accepted Answer

A)  silent
B)  missense
C)  frameshift
D)  addition of a codon

Question 13

_____ mutations affect only the individual in which they occur; _____ mutations are passed from parent to offspring.

Accepted Answer

A)  Somatic; germ-line
B)  Germ-line; somatic
C)  Germ-line; heritable
D)  Somatic; point
E)  Point; germ-line

Question 14

It has been estimated that the average human gamete contains about 30 new nucleotide-substitution mutations and approximately 3 new small insertions or deletions (indels) . Which of the following is/are TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The estimate must be wrong. Nobody could live with so many mutations.
B)  Many of the mutations are likely to be in nonprotein coding DNA.
C)  Most of the mutations have little or no effect on survival or health.
D)  None of the other answer options is correct.

Question 15

In what situation can a harmful deletion in a chromosome persist in a population?

Accepted Answer

A)  if it is homozygous
B)  if the homologous chromosome lacks the deletion
C)  if the deletion is not in the centromere, so it is not fatal.
D)  if a transposon replaces the deleted region

Question 16

In the standard genetic code (Table 4.1, shown below) , a nucleotide in a codon is said to be a fourfold degenerate site if its mutation to any other nucleotide results in a synonymous mutation. How many codons in the standard genetic code have a fourfold degenerate site?

Accepted Answer

A)  4
B)  8
C)  12
D)  16
E)  20

Question 17

A family can share a genetic risk of developing cancer if:

Accepted Answer

A)  the cancer is caused by somatic cell mutations.
B)  the cancer is caused by germ-line mutations.
C)  a germ-line mutation in one of the genes implicated in the cancer occurred in an ancestor.
D)  a somatic cell mutation in one of the genes implicated in the cancer occurred in an ancestor.
E)  All of these choices are correct.

Question 18

Spontaneous mutations that occur in somatic cells will be transmitted to offspring.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of the following statements about mutations is TRUE? A mutation:

Accepted Answer

A)  may leave the amino acid sequence of a protein unchanged.
B)  will result in a different phenotype.
C)  will be corrected.
D)  will be passed onto offspring.
E)  None of the other answer options is correct.

Question 20

A transposable element can insert into any position in the genome EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  regions near the telomere.
B)  regions near the centromere.
C)  regions near sequences that code for ribosomal RNA.
D)  inside another transposon.
E)  All of these choices are correct.

Exam 14: Mutation and Dna Repair

In the standard genetic code (Table 4.1, shown below) , a nucleotide in a codon is said to be a fourfold degenerate site if its mutation to any other nucleotide results in a synonymous mutation. How many codons in the standard genetic code have a fourfold degenerate site?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following point mutations is unlikely to change a protein's ability to function?

Correct Answer
verified

Any mutation that increases the risk of disease in an individual is known as a:

Correct Answer
verified

In what situation can a harmful deletion in a chromosome persist in a population?

Correct Answer
verified

In general, which is less harmful, a duplication or deletion?

Correct Answer
verified

A family can share a genetic risk of developing cancer if:

Correct Answer
verified

Large chromosomal inversions can cause problems in which of the following processes?

Correct Answer
verified

Bacterial species that live entirely inside eukaryotic cells have deletions of genes for the synthesis of molecules that can be taken in from the host cell. This finding implies that the deletions are:

Correct Answer
verified

_ mutations affect only the individual in which they occur; _ mutations are passed from parent to offspring.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements about mutations is TRUE? A mutation:

Correct Answer
verified

DNA ligase is responsible for repairing thymine dimers caused by UV light.

Correct Answer
verified

Some people with blue eyes have a small sector of one eye that is brown. What kind of mutation could cause this color difference?

Correct Answer
verified

A chemical agent that interferes with DNA repair may be considered a mutagen.

Correct Answer
verified

In eukaryotic organisms with large genomes, the usual reason that many inversion breakpoints do not disrupt genes is because the breaks occur in:

Correct Answer
verified

A transposable element can insert into any position in the genome EXCEPT:

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following mutations would MOST likely have the most severe consequence?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

It has been estimated that the average human gamete contains about 30 new nucleotide-substitution mutations and approximately 3 new small insertions or deletions (indels) . Which of the following is/are TRUE?

Correct Answer
verified

A point mutation that causes an amino acid replacement is called a:

Correct Answer
verified

Spontaneous mutations that occur in somatic cells will be transmitted to offspring.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 14: Mutation and Dna Repair

In the standard genetic code (Table 4.1, shown below) , a nucleotide in a codon is said to be a fourfold degenerate site if its mutation to any other nucleotide results in a synonymous mutation. How many codons in the standard genetic code have a fourfold degenerate site?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following point mutations is unlikely to change a protein's ability to function?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Any mutation that increases the risk of disease in an individual is known as a:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In what situation can a harmful deletion in a chromosome persist in a population?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In general, which is less harmful, a duplication or deletion?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A family can share a genetic risk of developing cancer if:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Large chromosomal inversions can cause problems in which of the following processes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bacterial species that live entirely inside eukaryotic cells have deletions of genes for the synthesis of molecules that can be taken in from the host cell. This finding implies that the deletions are:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ mutations affect only the individual in which they occur; _____ mutations are passed from parent to offspring.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about mutations is TRUE? A mutation:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

DNA ligase is responsible for repairing thymine dimers caused by UV light.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some people with blue eyes have a small sector of one eye that is brown. What kind of mutation could cause this color difference?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A chemical agent that interferes with DNA repair may be considered a mutagen.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In eukaryotic organisms with large genomes, the usual reason that many inversion breakpoints do not disrupt genes is because the breaks occur in:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A transposable element can insert into any position in the genome EXCEPT:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following mutations would MOST likely have the most severe consequence?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It has been estimated that the average human gamete contains about 30 new nucleotide-substitution mutations and approximately 3 new small insertions or deletions (indels) . Which of the following is/are TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A point mutation that causes an amino acid replacement is called a:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Spontaneous mutations that occur in somatic cells will be transmitted to offspring.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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_ mutations affect only the individual in which they occur; _ mutations are passed from parent to offspring.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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