Question 1

The randomized, clinical trial is a type of retrospective study.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

​For which of the following symptoms would you expect a placebo to be most ineffective?

Accepted Answer

A)   ​Pain
B)   ​Nausea
C)   ​Fracture
D)   ​Depression

Question 3

​In general, what is true about prospective and retrospective research studies?

Accepted Answer

A)   ​Retrospective studies obtain stronger evidence.
B)   ​Prospective studies obtain stronger evidence.
C)   ​Both obtain a similar strength of evidence.
D)   ​Both obtain matching but weak evidence.

Question 4

Correlational studies yield information about causation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

​The branch of medicine that investigates factors contributing to the occurrence of diseases within a population is

Accepted Answer

A)   ​psychoneuroimmunology.
B)   ​behavioral medicine.
C)   ​behavioral health.
D)   ​epidemiology.

Question 6

​Dr. Smith, a clinical health psychologist, is conducting research on whether relaxation training before a swim meet improves swimmers' race times. It is most likely Dr. Smith is using a __________ design.

Accepted Answer

A)   ​correlational
B)   ​single-blind
C)   ​double-blind
D)   ​retrospective

Question 7

Which of these statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   Placebo effects can influence both psychological and physical disorders.
B)   Valuable research is done by people outside the scientific community, but scientists try to discount the importance of this research.
C)   Scientific breakthroughs happen every day.
D)   Experimental rather than observational research is required to learn about patterns of disease.

Question 8

Psychologists and epidemiologists would agree that which type of study is the most desirable design, the "gold standard" of scientific research?

Accepted Answer

A)   Case-control study
B)   Randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial
C)   Natural experiment
D)   Correlational study

Question 9

​Most health-related evidence

Accepted Answer

A)   ​is the result of a variety of research methods.
B)   ​has been discovered accidentally.
C)   ​is withheld from the general public to avoid widespread panic.
D)   ​comes from the results of experimental designs.

Question 10

Placebos have been known to help

Accepted Answer

A)   reduce insomnia.
B)   decrease low back pain.
C)   lower high blood pressure.
D)   bowel movements.

Question 11

​If a test foretells some future condition, it is said to have

Accepted Answer

A)   ​a negative validity.
B)   ​criterion validity.
C)   ​predictive validity.
D)   ​a lack of validity.

Question 12

Which type of study begins with a group of people who already have a disease and then looks into factors that are associated with that disease?

Accepted Answer

A)   Experimental
B)   Placebo
C)   Prospective
D)   Retrospective

Question 13

​Research has found that lung cancer increases with number of cigarettes smoked. This finding

Accepted Answer

A)   ​indicates a negative relationship between smoking and lung cancer.
B)   ​indicates a positive relationship between smoking and lung cancer.
C)   ​indicates specific proof that smoking cigarettes causes lung cancer.
D)   ​indicates smoking is more likely with personalities prone to cancer.

Question 14

​A study that begins with a group of participants who already have a disease is most likely to be

Accepted Answer

A)   ​a retrospective study.
B)   ​a prospective study.
C)   ​a correlational study.
D)   ​an experimental study.

Question 15

​Research has found that obesity is related to high blood pressure. This finding means that

Accepted Answer

A)   ​obesity is a risk factor for high blood pressure.
B)   ​obesity is an independent risk factor for high blood pressure.
C)   ​most overweight people die of high blood pressure.
D)   ​thin people are protected against high blood pressure.

Question 16

​Occasionally factors that predict death, or ______________, are not the same factors that predict disease, or _______________.

Accepted Answer

A)   ​mortality, morbidity
B)   ​morbidity, incidence
C)   ​morbidity, mortality
D)   ​mortality, incidence

Question 17

A prospective study begins with a group of participants who have a given condition or disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Dr. Marcy is conducting an observational study that compares a group of people who have a specific disease to a control group of people who do not have that disease. What type of study is this?

Accepted Answer

A)   Prospective
B)   Case-control
C)   Retrospective
D)   Both B and C

Question 19

Which of these conditions is likely to produce the highest positive placebo effect?

Accepted Answer

A)   A physician dressed casually in blue jeans and sneakers
B)   A physician who is enthusiastic in describing the treatment
C)   A physician with a reputation for medical errors
D)   A physician who, when prescribing medication, says, "This may not help, but it won't hurt."

Question 20

The Alameda County study is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   an experimental longitudinal design.
B)   a prospective design.
C)   an experimental descriptive design.
D)   a correlational cross-sectional design.

Exam 2: Conducting Health Research

​In general, what is true about prospective and retrospective research studies?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

​Research has found that lung cancer increases with number of cigarettes smoked. This finding

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr. Marcy is conducting an observational study that compares a group of people who have a specific disease to a control group of people who do not have that disease. What type of study is this?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which type of study begins with a group of people who already have a disease and then looks into factors that are associated with that disease?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these statements is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

​If a test foretells some future condition, it is said to have

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Placebos have been known to help

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correlational studies yield information about causation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

​Occasionally factors that predict death, or ______________, are not the same factors that predict disease, or _______________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The randomized, clinical trial is a type of retrospective study.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Psychologists and epidemiologists would agree that which type of study is the most desirable design, the "gold standard" of scientific research?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A prospective study begins with a group of participants who have a given condition or disease.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Alameda County study is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

​The branch of medicine that investigates factors contributing to the occurrence of diseases within a population is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

​A study that begins with a group of participants who already have a disease is most likely to be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

​For which of the following symptoms would you expect a placebo to be most ineffective?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these conditions is likely to produce the highest positive placebo effect?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

​Research has found that obesity is related to high blood pressure. This finding means that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

​Most health-related evidence

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

​Dr. Smith, a clinical health psychologist, is conducting research on whether relaxation training before a swim meet improves swimmers' race times. It is most likely Dr. Smith is using a __________ design.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In general, what is true about prospective and retrospective research studies?

Correct Answer
verified

Research has found that lung cancer increases with number of cigarettes smoked. This finding

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

If a test foretells some future condition, it is said to have

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Occasionally factors that predict death, or , are not the same factors that predict disease, or _.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The branch of medicine that investigates factors contributing to the occurrence of diseases within a population is

Correct Answer
verified

A study that begins with a group of participants who already have a disease is most likely to be

Correct Answer
verified

For which of the following symptoms would you expect a placebo to be most ineffective?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Research has found that obesity is related to high blood pressure. This finding means that

Correct Answer
verified

Most health-related evidence

Correct Answer
verified

Dr. Smith, a clinical health psychologist, is conducting research on whether relaxation training before a swim meet improves swimmers' race times. It is most likely Dr. Smith is using a __________ design.

Correct Answer
verified