How does sample size affect determinations of statistical significance?

A) The larger the sample size, the greater the probability that the variable has an effect.
B) The smaller the sample size, the greater the probability that the variable has an effect.
C) The larger the sample size, the more accurate the estimation of the true population value.
D) The smaller the sample size, the more confident one can be in one's decision to reject or retain the null hypothesis.

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Harman Sekhon · Accepted Answer

Final Answer : C, Explanation :  The larger the sample size, the more accurate the estimation of the true population value. A larger sample size provides more data and reduces random error, making the estimate more accurate. However, sample size does not necessarily affect the probability that a variable has an effect, which is determined by the strength of the relationship between the variable and the outcome. The decision to reject or retain the null hypothesis is based on the level of significance, which is not affected by sample size but is determined by the researcher.

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