If a researcher conducts an experiment in which the independent variable is poorly defined (i.e., has a poor operational definition) , then the experiment can be said to have ____.

A) low internal validity
B) low external validity
C) low construct validity of the cause
D) low construct validity of the effect

Question

Alexander Gelfand · Accepted Answer

Final Answer : C, Explanation :  Low construct validity of the cause is the correct answer because the independent variable (the cause) is poorly defined, which directly affects how well the concept being investigated is operationalized or measured. This does not necessarily speak to the internal or external validity directly, nor does it directly affect the construct validity of the effect (the dependent variable).

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