Pavlov believed that presenting the CS at nearly the same time as the UCS caused

A) stimulation of the reward centers in the brain.
B) distraction leading to extinction of the CR.
C) the growth of a connection between the CS center and the UCS center in the brain.
D) backward conditioning, later known as operant conditioning.

Operant Conditioning

A method of learning where behavior modification is achieved by either reinforcing or punishing actions.

Backward Conditioning

A learning process where a conditioned stimulus (CS) is presented after the unconditioned stimulus (US), typically resulting in weaker learning compared to forward conditioning.

Extinction

The process by which a learned behavior diminishes or disappears as a result of the repeated absence of an unconditioned stimulus or reinforcement.