The importance of effortful processing for long-term retention of memories is best illustrated by

A) the testing effect.
B) implicit memory.
C) classically conditioned associations.
D) iconic memory.

Effortful Processing

A type of information processing that requires conscious effort and attention, as opposed to automatic processing which requires little to no conscious effort.

Long-Term Retention

The ability to maintain and recall information over extended periods of time, beyond short-term memory.