The primary explanation(s) suggested to explain the behaviour of the prison guards and prisoners in the Stanford Prison Simulation was

A) obedience.
B) conformity and situational factors.
C) group polarisation.
D) social roles and situational factors.

Situational Factors

External influences that impact an individual's behavior, decision-making process, and emotions in a given context.

Social Roles

Expected behaviors, duties, and rights associated with a particular social status or position within a group or society.

Prison Guards

Individuals responsible for the supervision, safety, and security of prisoners in a jail, prison, or other correctional facility.