When people assume that a relationship exists between two variables, the phenomenon where they tend to overestimate the degree of correlation or see a correlation where none actually exists is called:

A) illusory correlation.
B) illusion correlation.
C) heuristic correlation.
D) associative correlation.

Illusory Correlation

The perception of a relationship between two variables even when no such relationship exists.

Heuristic Correlation

Refers to the use of simple, efficient rules or mental shortcuts that help people make decisions or solve problems, often applied in the context of establishing relationships or patterns between variables without rigorous analysis.

Associative Correlation

Involves relationships between variables where the presence or magnitude of one variable is naturally linked to the presence or magnitude of another, often through association rather than causation.