A successful TQM program incorporates all of the following except

A) continuous improvement.
B) employee involvement.
C) benchmarking.
D) centralized decision-making authority.
E) just-in-time.

TQM Program

"Total Quality Management" program; an organization-wide effort to infuse quality into every activity through continuous improvement.

Centralized Decision-Making

A decision-making approach where major decisions are made by a small group or single entity within the organization, often at the top level.

Continuous Improvement

A sustained effort to refine products, services, or processes with gradual and radical enhancements.