_____ is unfair restriction on opportunities for certain groups of people through institutional policies,structural power relations,and formal laws.

A) Institutional discrimination
B) Stereotype threat
C) Ingroup bias
D) Symbolic racism

Institutional Discrimination

Describes systemic and ingrained policies or practices within establishments that lead to unequal treatment or opportunities for certain groups of people.

Structural Power Relations

The overarching system of power dynamics that exist within a society, organized by structures such as class, race, gender, and economy.

Formal Laws

Established legal rules codified by governing bodies, which are enforced by institutions and are integral to societal regulation.